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Area of Science:

  • Medical Mycology
  • Trauma Surgery
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Invasive fungal infections (IFIs) complicate trauma care through direct inoculation or hematogenous spread.
  • Foreign material in penetrating trauma can facilitate fungal establishment and growth.
  • Severity of IFIs depends on injury type, location, and patient's immune status.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide an overview of invasive fungal infections associated with various traumatic conditions.
  • To highlight the importance of considering IFIs in non-healing post-traumatic wounds.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on fungal infections in open wounds, fractures, eye injuries, near-drowning, mycetoma, and nosocomial settings.
  • Analysis of factors influencing fungal infection development and spread in trauma patients.

Main Results:

  • IFIs in trauma are typically superficial but can become systemic, particularly in immunocompromised patients.
  • Specific scenarios include eye injuries, near-drowning, tropical mycetoma, and nosocomial infections.
  • Chronic inflammation and delayed healing in traumatic injuries may indicate underlying fungal infection.

Conclusions:

  • Post-traumatic IFIs are rare but pose a significant risk, especially in immunocompromised individuals.
  • Surgeons must maintain a high index of suspicion for IFIs in patients with persistent wound inflammation and delayed healing.
  • Early recognition and appropriate management are crucial to prevent severe outcomes from invasive fungal infections.