Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Regulation of Angiogenesis and Blood Supply01:24

Regulation of Angiogenesis and Blood Supply

Rapidly dividing tumors, embryos, and wounded tissues require more oxygen than usual, lowering the oxygen concentration in the blood. At low oxygen or hypoxic conditions, an oxygen-sensitive transcription factor called the hypoxia-inducible factor 1 or HIF1 is activated. HIF1 is a dimeric protein of alpha (ɑ) and beta (β) subunits.  Under optimal oxygen conditions, HIF1β is present in the nucleus while HIF1ɑ remains in the cytosol. HIF1ɑ is hydroxylated by prolyl hydroxylase and factor...
TGF - β Signaling Pathway01:16

TGF - β Signaling Pathway

The TGF-β signaling pathway regulates cell growth, differentiation, adhesion, motility, and development. TGF-β ligands that induce TGF-β signaling are synthesized in their latent form. Several proteases or cell surface receptors such as integrins act upon the latent form, releasing the active ligand. There are three types of mammalian TGF-βs: (TGF-β1, TGF-β2, and TGF-β3) that bind as homodimers or heterodimers to TGF-β receptors. The TGF-β receptors are of three kinds RI, RII, and RIII. The RI...
Mechanism of Angiogenesis01:10

Mechanism of Angiogenesis

Blood vessel formation starts early during embryonic development, around day 7. In the extraembryonic yolk sac, mesodermal precursor cells called hemangioblast proliferate and differentiate into angioblast. Angioblasts express vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 or VEGFR2, which binds VEGF-A, a proangiogenic factor, guiding blood vessel formation. VEGF signaling promotes angioblasts to form a blood island in the developing embryo. Angioblasts further differentiate, giving rise to...
PI3K/mTOR/AKT Signaling Pathway01:22

PI3K/mTOR/AKT Signaling Pathway

The mammalian target of rapamycin  (mTOR) is a serine/threonine kinase that regulates growth, proliferation, and cell survival in response to hormones, growth factors, or nutrient availability. This kinase exists in two structurally and functionally distinct forms: mTOR complex 1  (mTORC1) and mTOR complex 2  (mTORC2). The first form (mTORC1) is composed of a rapamycin-sensitive Raptor and proline-rich Akt substrate, PRAS40. In contrast,  mTORC2 consists of a rapamycin-insensitive companion...
Rous Sarcoma Virus (RSV) and Cancer01:03

Rous Sarcoma Virus (RSV) and Cancer

Rous Sarcoma virus or RSV was discovered by F. Peyton Rous in the year 1911 as a filterable transmissible agent that could cause tumors in chickens. He won a Nobel Prize for this discovery in 1966. His experiments clearly demonstrated that some cancers could be caused by infectious agents and led to the discovery of many more cancer-causing viruses in animals as well as humans.
RSV is a retrovirus that contains two copies of a plus-strand  RNA genome. Its genome consists of four main open...
Rous Sarcoma Virus (RSV) and Cancer01:03

Rous Sarcoma Virus (RSV) and Cancer

Rous Sarcoma virus or RSV was discovered by F. Peyton Rous in the year 1911 as a filterable transmissible agent that could cause tumors in chickens. He won a Nobel Prize for this discovery in 1966. His experiments clearly demonstrated that some cancers could be caused by infectious agents and led to the discovery of many more cancer-causing viruses in animals as well as humans.
RSV is a retrovirus that contains two copies of a plus-strand  RNA genome. Its genome consists of four main open...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Efgartigimod efficacy and safety in refractory myasthenia gravis: UK's first real-world experience.

Journal of neurology, neurosurgery, and psychiatry·2025
Same author

Treatment for sialorrhea (excessive saliva) in people with motor neuron disease/amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.

The Cochrane database of systematic reviews·2022
Same author

Patent foramen ovale and migraine: what is the relationship between the two?

Journal of cardiology·2013
Same author

Statin induced myotoxicity.

European journal of internal medicine·2012
Same author

Current and emerging treatments for the management of myasthenia gravis.

Therapeutics and clinical risk management·2011
Same author

Treatment for sialorrhea (excessive saliva) in people with motor neuron disease/amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.

The Cochrane database of systematic reviews·2011

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 3, 2026

A Simple Bioassay for the Evaluation of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors
09:04

A Simple Bioassay for the Evaluation of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors

Published on: March 15, 2016

VEGF and ALS.

Sivakumar Sathasivam1

  • 1Department of Neurology, The Walton Centre for Neurology & Neurosurgery, Lower Lane, Liverpool L9 7LJ, UK. sivakumar.sathasivam@thewaltoncentre.nhs.uk

Neuroscience Research
|July 29, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Evidence for and against vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) remains inconclusive. Further compelling research is needed to definitively link VEGF to human ALS cases.

More Related Videos

Assessment of Kidney Function in Mouse Models of Glomerular Disease
09:16

Assessment of Kidney Function in Mouse Models of Glomerular Disease

Published on: June 30, 2018

Mosaic Zebrafish Transgenesis for Functional Genomic Analysis of Candidate Cooperative Genes in Tumor Pathogenesis
09:45

Mosaic Zebrafish Transgenesis for Functional Genomic Analysis of Candidate Cooperative Genes in Tumor Pathogenesis

Published on: March 31, 2015

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 3, 2026

A Simple Bioassay for the Evaluation of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors
09:04

A Simple Bioassay for the Evaluation of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors

Published on: March 15, 2016

Assessment of Kidney Function in Mouse Models of Glomerular Disease
09:16

Assessment of Kidney Function in Mouse Models of Glomerular Disease

Published on: June 30, 2018

Mosaic Zebrafish Transgenesis for Functional Genomic Analysis of Candidate Cooperative Genes in Tumor Pathogenesis
09:45

Mosaic Zebrafish Transgenesis for Functional Genomic Analysis of Candidate Cooperative Genes in Tumor Pathogenesis

Published on: March 31, 2015

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive motor neuron disease with both sporadic and familial forms.
  • Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a key regulator of angiogenesis, but its role in ALS is debated.
  • Existing research presents conflicting evidence regarding VEGF's involvement in ALS pathogenesis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To critically evaluate the existing in vitro and in vivo evidence for and against the role of VEGF in ALS.
  • To synthesize current understanding of VEGF's potential contribution to ALS.
  • To identify gaps in knowledge and guide future research directions.

Main Methods:

  • Comprehensive review of in vitro studies investigating VEGF's effects on motor neurons and related cells.
  • Analysis of in vivo experimental models of ALS examining VEGF pathways.
  • Examination of human ALS case studies and epidemiological data related to VEGF.

Main Results:

  • In vitro studies show mixed results regarding VEGF's neuroprotective or detrimental effects in motor neuron models.
  • In vivo models provide some evidence suggesting a role for VEGF in ALS progression, but findings are not uniform.
  • Human studies present inconsistencies in VEGF levels and activity, complicating direct correlation with ALS.

Conclusions:

  • The current body of evidence does not conclusively establish a definitive role for VEGF in human ALS.
  • More rigorous and targeted research is necessary to elucidate the complex relationship between VEGF and ALS.
  • Future studies should focus on specific VEGF pathways and their interactions within the complex ALS pathophysiology.