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Variation in digital rotation and alignment in normal subjects.

Virak Tan1, Tosca Kinchelow, Pedro K Beredjiklian

  • 1Department of Orthopaedics, Division of Hand, Upper Extremity and Microvascular Surgery, UMDNJ-NJ Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103, USA. tanvi@umdnj.edu

The Journal of Hand Surgery
|July 29, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

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This study quantifies normal finger (digit) rotation, parallelism, and scaphoid convergence, establishing reference standards. Contralateral hands are reliable for comparison, except for digit overlap due to asymmetry.

Area of Science:

  • Anatomy
  • Biomechanics
  • Orthopedics

Background:

  • Establishing normative data for hand and finger (digit) kinematics is crucial for diagnosing and treating various orthopedic conditions.
  • Understanding normal finger (digit) rotation, overlap, parallelism, and convergence to the scaphoid tuberosity provides a baseline for clinical assessment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To quantify finger (digit) rotation, overlap, parallelism, and convergence to the scaphoid tuberosity in healthy volunteers.
  • To establish normative standards for these parameters to aid in clinical comparisons and diagnosis.

Main Methods:

  • Examined 240 uninjured fingers in 30 healthy adult volunteers (14 men, 16 women; average age 35).
  • Measured digit rotation with palms flat and fingers extended.
  • Assessed digit overlap, parallelism, and scaphoid convergence using simultaneous metacarpophalangeal and proximal interphalangeal joint flexion, with measurements taken via imaging software.

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Main Results:

  • Digit rotation showed supination relative to the horizontal plane, with specific average degrees for each digit (e.g., index finger 12°, small finger 9°).
  • Parallelism measurements revealed average angular relationships between digits (e.g., middle to small finger: 19°).
  • Scaphoid convergence showed no instance of all four digits converging on the scaphoid tuberosity, with varying distances for different digits (e.g., index finger 8.1-9.5 mm). Ninety percent of individuals exhibited digit overlap, primarily asymmetric.

Conclusions:

  • Established normal parameters for digit rotation, parallelism, and scaphoid convergence.
  • The contralateral (uninjured) hand can serve as a reliable comparison for digit rotation, parallelism, and scaphoid convergence.
  • Digit overlap exhibits significant side-to-side asymmetry and variability, making the contralateral hand unreliable for comparison.