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Related Concept Videos

MicroRNAs01:22

MicroRNAs

MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns (non-coding regions of a gene) or intergenic regions (stretches of DNA present between genes). Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself, forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA...
MicroRNAs01:22

MicroRNAs

MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns—non-coding regions of a gene—or intergenic regions—stretches of DNA present between genes. Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA ends...
lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs02:39

lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs

In humans, more than 80% of the genome gets transcribed. However, only around 2% of the genome codes for proteins. The remaining part produces non-coding RNAs which includes ribosomal RNAs, transfer RNAs, telomerase RNAs, and regulatory RNAs, among other types. A large number of regulatory non-coding RNAs have been classified into two groups depending upon their length – small non-coding RNAs, such as microRNA, which are less than 200 nucleotides in length, and long non-coding RNA (lncRNA)...
Abnormal Proliferation02:23

Abnormal Proliferation

Under normal conditions, most adult cells remain in a non-proliferative state unless stimulated by internal or external factors to replace lost cells. Abnormal cell proliferation is a condition in which the cell's growth exceeds and is uncoordinated with normal cells. In such situations, cell division persists in the same excessive manner even after cessation of the stimuli, leading to persistent tumors. The tumor arises from the damaged cells that replicate to pass the damage to the daughter...
mTOR Signaling and Cancer Progression03:03

mTOR Signaling and Cancer Progression

The mammalian target of rapamycin or mTOR protein was discovered in 1994 due to its direct interaction with rapamycin. The protein gets its name from a yeast homolog called TOR. The mTOR protein complex in mammalian cells plays a major role in balancing anabolic processes such as the synthesis of proteins, lipids, and nucleotides and catabolic processes, such as autophagy in response to environmental cues, such as availability of nutrients and growth factors.
The mTOR pathway or the...

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Updated: Jul 3, 2026

MicroRNA Amplification and Recognition through Locked-nucleic-acid In situ Hybridization as a Novel Detection and Quantification Method
09:06

MicroRNA Amplification and Recognition through Locked-nucleic-acid In situ Hybridization as a Novel Detection and Quantification Method

Published on: October 7, 2025

MicroRNAs in solid tumors.

Mary Dillhoff1, Sylwia E Wojcik, Mark Bloomston

  • 1Department of Surgery, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA.

The Journal of Surgical Research
|July 29, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small RNAs regulating gene expression and crucial for cell functions. Dysregulated miRNAs are linked to solid tumors, aiding in classification and outcome prediction.

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics
  • Oncology

Background:

  • MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small, noncoding RNA molecules (20-22 nucleotides) involved in regulating gene expression.
  • They play critical roles in fundamental cellular processes such as proliferation, apoptosis, and differentiation.
  • miRNAs function by binding to target messenger RNAs (mRNAs), leading to gene silencing through mRNA degradation or translational inhibition.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the multifaceted role of microRNAs in the development and progression of solid tumors.
  • To highlight the application of miRNA profiling in cancer research and clinical practice.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of scientific articles focusing on microRNAs and solid tumors.
  • Analysis of miRNA biogenesis, function, and regulatory mechanisms.
  • Examination of miRNA expression patterns in various malignancies.

Main Results:

  • miRNAs are evolutionarily conserved and regulate numerous genes.
  • Their expression is often tissue-specific and frequently dysregulated in cancerous tissues.
  • miRNA profiling has successfully generated signatures for classifying solid tumors and predicting patient survival and outcomes.

Conclusions:

  • MicroRNAs are significant regulators of cellular processes and are implicated in the pathogenesis of solid tumors.
  • miRNA profiling represents a promising tool for cancer diagnosis, prognosis, and therapeutic strategies.