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Updated: Jul 3, 2026

Probe-based Confocal Laser Endomicroscopy of the Urinary Tract: The Technique
Published on: January 10, 2013
Comparison of virtual cystoscopy and transabdominal ultrasonography with conventional cystoscopy for bladder tumor
Roberto Iglesias Lopes1, Lucienne Nogueira, Cezar José Albertotti
1Sociedade Beneficente de Senhoras Hospital Sírio Libanês, São Paulo, Brazil. robertoiglesias@terra.com.br
Purpose:
We compare virtual cystoscopy (VC) and transabdominal ultrasonography (US) with conventional cystoscopy (CC),the gold standard, for detection of bladder tumors.
Patients And Methods:
Forty-five patients suspected to have bladder neoplasms were evaluated prospectively.They underwent transabdominal US, followed by VC and CC. We compared sensitivity and specificity of US and VC and their positive and negative likelihood ratios. US and VC detection rates for tumors
Results:
In the study population of 33 men and 12 women, mean age was 67.1 +/-10.9 years. Thirty-nine lesions were observed on VC and 26 lesions were observed on US of the 41 neoplasms detected at CC. Transitional bladder cancer was present in 75.6% of cases, chronic cystitis in 9.75%, endometriosis in 4.9%, and other conditions accounted for 9.75%. Thirty-one tumors were polypoid and nine were sessile; 61% were larger than 1 cm and 39% were
Conclusions:
VC showed better accuracy for detection of bladder neoplasms, especially in tumors smaller than 1 cm and for polypoid lesions.
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