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Related Concept Videos

ATP Driven Pumps II: P-type Pumps01:34

ATP Driven Pumps II: P-type Pumps

The P-type pumps are a large family of integral membrane transporter ATPases. They are divided into five major types based on substrate specificity, from I to V.
A typical P-type pump has three cytosolic domains: nucleotide-binding (N), phosphorylation (P), and activator (A) domains. These domains are connected to the membrane-spanning helices by short amino acid segments. ATP hydrolysis and covalent phosphoenzyme intermediate formation are crucial parts of the catalytic cycle. At the highly...
Mechanically-gated Ion Channels01:12

Mechanically-gated Ion Channels

Mechanically-gated ion channels are proteins found in eukaryotic and prokaryotic cell membranes that open in response to mechanical stress. Tension, compression, swelling, and shear stress can alter the conformation of the protein, opening a transmembrane channel that allows the passage of ions for signal transmission. In eukaryotes, mechanically-gated channels are distributed in several regions like the neurons, lungs, skin, bladder, and heart, where they play critical roles in numerous...
Mechanically-gated Ion Channels01:12

Mechanically-gated Ion Channels

Mechanically-gated ion channels are proteins found in eukaryotic and prokaryotic cell membranes that open in response to mechanical stress. Tension, compression, swelling, and shear stress can alter the conformation of the protein, opening a transmembrane channel that allows the passage of ions for signal transmission. In eukaryotes, mechanically-gated channels are distributed in several regions like the neurons, lungs, skin, bladder, and heart, where they play critical roles in numerous...
ATP Driven Pumps I: An Overview01:27

ATP Driven Pumps I: An Overview

ATP-driven pumps, also known as transport ATPases, are integral membrane proteins. They have binding sites for ATP located on the membrane's cytosolic side and the ion-conducting domain in the transmembrane region. These pumps use the free energy released from ATP hydrolysis to move the solutes across cell membranes against an electrochemical gradient.
There are four main types of ATP-driven pumps - P-type, V-type, F-type, and ABC transporter. All these pumps are of varying complexities and are...
G-Protein Gated Ion Channels01:21

G-Protein Gated Ion Channels

GPCRs are primarily responsible for our sense of smell, taste, and vision.  The binding of a sensory stimulus activates GPCR to stimulate effector proteins, many of which are ion channels in the sensory organs. GPCRs modulate the opening and closing of the target ion channels either directly by binding them, or by releasing second messengers that activate these channels. As ions move across the membrane, the membrane potential is altered, which induces an appropriate response.
Sensory organs,...
Non-gated Ion Channels01:24

Non-gated Ion Channels

Ion channels are specialized proteins on the plasma membrane that allow charged ions to pass down their electrochemical gradient. Their main function is to maintain the membrane potential which is critical for cell viability. These channels are either gated or non-gated and can transport more than a thousand ions within milliseconds for the cellular event to occur.
Compared to the gated ion channels, the non-gated channels, also known as leakage or passive channels, have no gating mechanism.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 3, 2026

Proteomics to Identify Proteins Interacting with P2X2 Ligand-Gated Cation Channels
16:36

Proteomics to Identify Proteins Interacting with P2X2 Ligand-Gated Cation Channels

Published on: May 18, 2009

ATP-gated P2X cation-channels.

Michael F Jarvis1, Baljit S Khakh

  • 1Abbott Laboratories, 100 Abbott Park Road, Abbott Park, IL 60064, USA. michael.jarvis@abbott.com

Neuropharmacology
|July 29, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

New antagonists and modulators for P2X receptors, which are ATP-gated cation channels, have advanced their pharmacology. This review summarizes key properties of P2X receptors for easy access.

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Measuring Nucleotide Binding to Intact, Functional Membrane Proteins in Real Time
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Area of Science:

  • Pharmacology
  • Ion Channels
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • P2X receptors are ATP-gated cation channels involved in many pathophysiological processes.
  • Recent discoveries include subunit-selective antagonists and modulators for P2X receptors.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize advances in the pharmacology of P2X receptors.
  • To present key properties in an accessible format, focusing on new antagonists.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent literature on P2X receptor pharmacology.
  • Compilation of pharmacological data in tabular format.

Main Results:

  • Summary of pharmacological properties of recombinant homomeric and heteromeric P2X receptors.
  • Emphasis on newly discovered antagonists and modulators.

Conclusions:

  • Significant progress has been made in P2X receptor pharmacology.
  • The review serves as a practical resource for researchers in the field.