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The effect of frequency altered feedback on stuttering duration and type
Andrew Stuart1, Carmen L Frazier, Joseph Kalinowski
1Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27858-4353, USA. stuarta@ecu.edu
Summary
Frequency altered feedback (FAF) significantly reduces stuttering duration and total stuttering time in adults who stutter. This method positively impacts speech by decreasing both the frequency and length of stuttered events during oral reading.
Area of Science:
- Speech-Language Pathology
- Auditory Feedback Research
Background:
- Stuttering is a complex speech disorder affecting fluency.
- Frequency Altered Feedback (FAF) is an auditory technique explored for speech modification.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the impact of Frequency Altered Feedback (FAF) on specific stuttering types (prolongation, repetition, silent block).
- To assess FAF's effect on stuttering duration, including average event duration and total stuttering time.
Main Methods:
- Retrospective analysis of data from 12 adults who stutter undergoing an ABA time-series design.
- Oral reading tasks were used to collect data on stuttered syllables.
- Analysis of 2,971 stuttered syllables to evaluate changes during FAF.
Main Results:
- Total stuttering duration (s/min) decreased by approximately 50% (p = .0014) with FAF.
- Each stuttering type showed a significant reduction of about 20% in average duration (p = .0055).
- No differential reduction in the proportion of stuttering types was observed during FAF (p = .36).
Conclusions:
- Frequency Altered Feedback (FAF) demonstrates a positive effect on the speech of individuals who stutter.
- FAF reduces the proportion of stuttered events and decreases residual stuttering duration and total stuttering time.
- The findings support FAF as a beneficial intervention for improving fluency in adults who stutter during oral reading.
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