Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Spinal Cord Injury ll: Pathophysiology01:14

Spinal Cord Injury ll: Pathophysiology

Spinal cord injury progresses through two interconnected phases: primary injury and secondary injury.Primary InjuryPrimary injury happens at the moment of trauma and involves immediate mechanical damage to the spinal cord.Compression happens when broken vertebrae, herniated discs, or accumulating blood (such as a hematoma) press directly against the spinal cord, distorting its normal shape and function. In cases of contusion, the cord is bruised by a blunt force (like penetrating injuries or...
Secondary Spinal Cord Injury llI: Pathophysiology01:25

Secondary Spinal Cord Injury llI: Pathophysiology

Early Ischemia and Ionic ImbalanceWithin minutes of spinal cord injury, a secondary cascade begins, progressing over hours to weeks. Vascular damage reduces blood flow, causing ischemia and mitochondrial dysfunction. ATP depletion leads to ion pump failure, membrane depolarization, sodium influx, potassium efflux, and water accumulation, resulting in cellular swelling. Increased intracellular calcium further disrupts mitochondria and accelerates cellular injury.Excitotoxicity and Neuronal...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Magnetic resonance guided radiotherapy (MRgRT) and clinical outcomes: A systematic review.

Radiography (London, England : 1995)·2026
Same author

Transcriptomic profiling of the middle temporal gyrus reveals differential glial/neuronal dysregulation across Alzheimer's disease and aging.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2025
Same author

E-scooter Related Presentations to an Urban Trauma Centre: A Two-Year Analysis of Patient Volume, Injury Patterns, and Healthcare Burden.

Irish medical journal·2025
Same author

Severe Maternal Morbidity and the Impact of the Covid Pandemic.

Irish medical journal·2023
Same author

Severe maternal morbidity trends over 20 years in a tertiary referral stand-alone maternity unit.

European journal of obstetrics, gynecology, and reproductive biology·2023
Same author

Maternal and Neonatal Outcomes During the First Year of the Covid-19 Pandemic.

Irish medical journal·2022
Same journal

Nurse-delivered intravenous opioids in UK emergency departments: implications for pain standards and practice.

Emergency medicine journal : EMJ·2026
Same journal

Are high doses of naloxone required for nitazene overdoses?

Emergency medicine journal : EMJ·2026
Same journal

A cold, blue leg.

Emergency medicine journal : EMJ·2026
Same journal

Journal update monthly top five.

Emergency medicine journal : EMJ·2026
Same journal

Refocusing on science: the EMJ response.

Emergency medicine journal : EMJ·2026
Same journal

Improving accuracy of 4-hour breach coding in the emergency department: a retrospective observational study.

Emergency medicine journal : EMJ·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 3, 2026

Minimally Invasive Treatment for Thoracolumbar Burst Fracture Using Sagittal Alignment Screws and A Trauma Reduction Device
04:19

Minimally Invasive Treatment for Thoracolumbar Burst Fracture Using Sagittal Alignment Screws and A Trauma Reduction Device

Published on: November 8, 2024

Soft tissue injuries: 3. Paraspinal.

J Timothy1, E Foley, C Comer

  • 1Emergency Department, Countess of Chester Hospital, Liverpool Road, Chester CH2 1UK, UK.

Emergency Medicine Journal : EMJ
|July 29, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This review covers injuries affecting the spine, including muscles, ligaments, discs, facet joints, and nerve roots. Understanding these spinal injuries is crucial for effective diagnosis and treatment.

More Related Videos

Establishing a Mouse Contusion Spinal Cord Injury Model Based on a Minimally Invasive Technique
07:17

Establishing a Mouse Contusion Spinal Cord Injury Model Based on a Minimally Invasive Technique

Published on: September 7, 2022

Novel Mini-open Transforaminal Lumbar Interbody Fusion
05:52

Novel Mini-open Transforaminal Lumbar Interbody Fusion

Published on: June 6, 2025

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 3, 2026

Minimally Invasive Treatment for Thoracolumbar Burst Fracture Using Sagittal Alignment Screws and A Trauma Reduction Device
04:19

Minimally Invasive Treatment for Thoracolumbar Burst Fracture Using Sagittal Alignment Screws and A Trauma Reduction Device

Published on: November 8, 2024

Establishing a Mouse Contusion Spinal Cord Injury Model Based on a Minimally Invasive Technique
07:17

Establishing a Mouse Contusion Spinal Cord Injury Model Based on a Minimally Invasive Technique

Published on: September 7, 2022

Novel Mini-open Transforaminal Lumbar Interbody Fusion
05:52

Novel Mini-open Transforaminal Lumbar Interbody Fusion

Published on: June 6, 2025

Area of Science:

  • Orthopedics
  • Neurosurgery
  • Sports Medicine

Background:

  • Spinal injuries encompass a range of conditions affecting the structural and neural components of the back.
  • Common injuries involve musculature, ligaments, intervertebral discs, and facet joints.
  • Nerve root impingement is a significant consequence of spinal trauma.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive overview of common spinal injuries.
  • To detail the anatomy and pathology of affected spinal structures.
  • To highlight the clinical relevance of these injuries.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of spinal injuries.
  • Analysis of anatomical structures involved in spinal trauma.
  • Synthesis of information on disc, joint, muscle, ligament, and nerve root pathologies.

Main Results:

  • Detailed description of injuries to spinal muscles and ligaments.
  • Pathophysiology of intervertebral disc injuries, including herniation and degeneration.
  • Examination of zygapophyseal (facet) joint injuries and their impact.
  • Review of nerve root compression syndromes secondary to spinal pathology.

Conclusions:

  • Spinal injuries are multifactorial, involving various anatomical structures.
  • Accurate diagnosis requires understanding the interplay between muscles, ligaments, discs, facet joints, and nerve roots.
  • Effective management strategies depend on precise identification of the injured spinal components.