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Related Concept Videos

Oral Drug Delivery Systems: Continuous-Release Systems01:26

Oral Drug Delivery Systems: Continuous-Release Systems

Continuous-release drug delivery systems offer a strategic approach to maintaining therapeutic drug levels over extended periods following oral administration. By modulating the release rate of active pharmaceutical ingredients, these systems minimize fluctuations in plasma concentrations, which enhances clinical efficacy and reduces the need for frequent dosing. Such characteristics make them particularly advantageous in managing chronic diseases where patient adherence and stable drug...
Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Rate-Programmed II01:19

Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Rate-Programmed II

Rate-programmed drug delivery systems release drugs in a controlled manner to maintain therapeutic levels. Three main designs include reservoir, matrix, and hybrid systems.Reservoir systems consist of a drug core enclosed within a membrane that controls drug release. In non-swelling reservoir systems, polymers like ethyl cellulose or polymethacrylates are used. These do not hydrate in aqueous media and control release through membrane thickness, porosity, or insolubility. This type includes...
Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Stimuli-Activated01:30

Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Stimuli-Activated

Stimuli-activated drug delivery systems are designed to release drugs in response to specific physical, chemical, or biological stimuli. These systems often utilize hydrogels—three-dimensional, hydrophilic polymer networks capable of swelling in aqueous environments and retaining significant fluid volumes. Upon exposure to particular stimuli, these hydrogels undergo structural transitions that allow the embedded drug to be released. Due to this adaptive behavior, such systems are also called...
Site-Targeted Drug Delivery Systems: Polymeric Carriers01:24

Site-Targeted Drug Delivery Systems: Polymeric Carriers

Polymeric carriers enhance targeted drug delivery by increasing efficacy while minimizing off-target effects. These carriers comprise a biodegradable polymeric backbone integrated with functional elements that enable targeting, improve physicochemical properties, and regulate drug release.Targeting MechanismsThe targeting ability of polymeric carriers is mediated by a homing device, which is a molecular recognition component designed to selectively bind to specific tissues or cells. Monoclonal...
Parenteral Drug Delivery Systems: Injectables, Implants, and Infusion Devices01:28

Parenteral Drug Delivery Systems: Injectables, Implants, and Infusion Devices

Parenteral drug delivery systems play a crucial role in modern therapeutics by enabling the direct administration of drugs into the systemic circulation, bypassing the gastrointestinal tract. These systems are particularly valuable for poorly absorbed oral medications that are unstable in the digestive environment or require rapid onset or sustained therapeutic levels. Delivery is achieved through intravenous, intramuscular, or subcutaneous routes, each selected based on the drug's properties...
Drug Delivery Systems: Different Types01:27

Drug Delivery Systems: Different Types

Conventional oral drug products, termed immediate-release (IR) formulations, are engineered to promptly release their active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) upon ingestion, typically in tablets or capsules. This rapid release often results in swift drug absorption and consequent pharmacodynamic effects, although the timing and intensity can vary depending on the drug's properties. Prodrugs within these formulations require metabolic conversion to activate their pharmacodynamic effects,...

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High Speed Droplet-based Delivery System for Passive Pumping in Microfluidic Devices
10:22

High Speed Droplet-based Delivery System for Passive Pumping in Microfluidic Devices

Published on: September 2, 2009

Closed-loop systems for drug delivery.

Aaron M Fields1, Kevin M Fields, Jeremy W Cannon

  • 1Department of Anesthesiology, 59th MSGS\SGOOJ 2200 Bergquist Dr # 1, Lackland AFB, TX 78236, USA. aaron.fields.1@us.af.mil

Current Opinion in Anaesthesiology
|July 29, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Closed-loop systems automate critical care tasks like anesthesia depth and blood pressure control. This technology may reduce the need for constant anesthesiologist intervention, freeing them for complex duties.

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Area of Science:

  • Anesthesiology
  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Medical Technology

Background:

  • Closed-loop systems represent a significant advancement in medical automation.
  • These systems integrate sensing, control algorithms, and actuators for physiological regulation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the engineering principles of closed-loop systems.
  • To explore the diverse applications of closed-loop systems in clinical settings.
  • To discuss the future implications for anesthesiology practice.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of closed-loop systems in medical applications.
  • Analysis of engineering designs and control strategies.
  • Examination of clinical data and outcomes.

Main Results:

  • Closed-loop systems effectively control depth of anesthesia.
  • Applications include management of muscle relaxation, blood pressure, and intravascular volume.
  • Blood glucose level regulation is also a demonstrated capability.

Conclusions:

  • Automation of routine tasks in the operating room is feasible.
  • Computerized control can maintain physiological variables within target ranges.
  • While monitoring remains essential, the need for immediate, manual intervention may decrease.