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Related Concept Videos

Acute Coronary Syndrome I: Introduction01:30

Acute Coronary Syndrome I: Introduction

Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS) encompasses a spectrum of heart conditions caused by sudden obstruction of coronary arteries, typically resulting from the rupture of an atherosclerotic plaque and subsequent thrombus (blood clot) formation. This obstruction can lead to partial or complete blockage of blood flow, causing varying degrees of myocardial ischemia or infarction.ACS includes the following clinical entities:Unstable Angina (UA)Non-ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction (NSTEMI)ST-Elevation...
Acute Coronary Syndrome II: Pathophysiology and Clinical Manifestations01:19

Acute Coronary Syndrome II: Pathophysiology and Clinical Manifestations

The pathophysiology of Acute Coronary Syndrome [ACD] involves several key processes:The main underlying cause of ACD is atherosclerosis, a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by the buildup of lipid-laden plaques within the coronary arteries.As the atherosclerotic plaque grows in the coronary artery, it may become unstable due to the formation of a lipid-rich core and a thin fibrous cap. Inflammatory cells within the plaque, such as macrophages, secrete enzymes that degrade the...
Coronary Circulation01:21

Coronary Circulation

The heart, an organ critical to survival, gets nourishment not from the blood it pumps but from a separate circulation system known as coronary circulation. This is the shortest circulation in the body and is responsible for supplying the heart with the nutrients it needs to function effectively.
Coronary circulation begins at the base of the aorta, where two main arteries arise—the left and right coronary arteries. These arteries encircle the heart in the coronary sulcus and supply the...
Angina I: Introduction01:30

Angina I: Introduction

Definition and Symptoms: Angina (angina pectoris) is chest pain or discomfort caused by myocardial ischemia, which occurs when the heart muscle receives insufficient oxygen-rich blood. It typically manifests as pressing, squeezing, or crushing sensations in the chest and may radiate to the shoulders, arms, neck, jaw, or back.Primary Cause: In a healthy state, the coronary arteries can dilate (widen) to increase blood flow and meet the increased oxygen demand during physical activity or...
Coronary Artery Disease III: Clinical Manifestations01:30

Coronary Artery Disease III: Clinical Manifestations

Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) is a primary health risk worldwide, leading to significant morbidity and mortality. The condition arises from the buildup of atherosclerotic plaques within the coronary arteries, resulting in diminished blood supply to the heart muscle.The clinical manifestations of CAD vary widely, from asymptomatic stages to severe, life-threatening conditions. Understanding these manifestations is crucial for early diagnosis and effective management.Angina Pectoris: The Warning...
Acute Coronary Syndrome III: Diagnostic Studies01:30

Acute Coronary Syndrome III: Diagnostic Studies

Diagnosing acute coronary syndrome or ACS begins with a thorough patient history. Notable symptoms include central, crushing chest pain radiating to the left arm, neck, jaw, or back, along with shortness of breath, sweating (diaphoresis), nausea, vomiting, dizziness, and palpitations.It is crucial to note any history of cardiac illnesses and assess risk factors, including age, gender, smoking, hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, and a sedentary lifestyle.During physical examination, vital...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 3, 2026

Intracoronary Acetylcholine Provocation Testing for Assessment of Coronary Vasomotor Disorders
06:39

Intracoronary Acetylcholine Provocation Testing for Assessment of Coronary Vasomotor Disorders

Published on: August 18, 2016

Single coronary artery with spasm.

Daisuke Utsunomiya1, Koichi Nakao, Yasuyuki Yamashita

  • 1Diagnostic Imaging Center, Saiseikai Kumamoto Hospital, Kumamoto, Japan. daisuke-utsunomiya@saiseikaikumamoto.jp

Radiation Medicine
|July 29, 2008
PubMed
Summary

A rare single coronary artery anomaly caused chest pain in a 54-year-old woman. Multidetector computed tomography (CT) imaging diagnosed the condition, revealing coronary spasm rather than stenosis.

Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Radiology
  • Anatomical Variations

Background:

  • A single coronary artery is a rare congenital anomaly with potential clinical significance.
  • Coronary artery anomalies can present with diverse symptoms, including chest pain.

Observation:

  • A 54-year-old woman presented with rest predominant chest pain.
  • Diagnostic imaging revealed a single coronary artery.
  • Computed tomography (CT) angiography was instrumental in visualizing the anomaly.

Findings:

  • The CT angiographic images showed no evidence of coronary artery stenosis.
  • Intracoronary acetylcholine infusion confirmed totally occlusive coronary spasm.
  • This suggests vasospasm as the cause of symptoms in this coronary anomaly.

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Last Updated: Jul 3, 2026

Intracoronary Acetylcholine Provocation Testing for Assessment of Coronary Vasomotor Disorders
06:39

Intracoronary Acetylcholine Provocation Testing for Assessment of Coronary Vasomotor Disorders

Published on: August 18, 2016

Measurement of Myocardial Lactate Production for Diagnosis of Coronary Microvascular Spasm
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Measurement of Myocardial Lactate Production for Diagnosis of Coronary Microvascular Spasm

Published on: September 17, 2021

Testing Acetylcholine Followed by Adenosine for Invasive Diagnosis of Coronary Vasomotor Disorders
05:58

Testing Acetylcholine Followed by Adenosine for Invasive Diagnosis of Coronary Vasomotor Disorders

Published on: February 3, 2021

Implications:

  • Multidetector CT is valuable for diagnosing and classifying coronary artery anomalies.
  • Coronary artery anomalies, even without stenosis, can cause significant ischemic symptoms.
  • Understanding the interplay of anomalies and vasospasm is crucial for patient management.