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Related Concept Videos

Ovarian Cycle01:27

Ovarian Cycle

The menstrual cycle includes a critical component known as the ovarian cycle, which undergoes two main phases each month—the follicular phase and the luteal phase. The follicular phase is variable and averaging around 14 days. Ovulation, triggered by a surge in luteinizing hormone (LH), marks the transition between the two phases. The second phase, the luteal phase, is relatively consistent, lasting approximately 14 days, and is marked by the activity of the corpus luteum. While a cycle length...
Oogenesis02:07

Oogenesis

In human women, oogenesis produces one mature egg cell or ovum for every precursor cell that enters meiosis. This process differs in two unique ways from the equivalent procedure of spermatogenesis in males. First, meiotic divisions during oogenesis are asymmetric, meaning that a large oocyte (containing most of the cytoplasm) and minor polar body are produced as a result of meiosis I, and again following meiosis II. Since only oocytes will go on to form embryos if fertilized, this unequal...
Oogenesis01:22

Oogenesis

Oogenesis,  the process of developing egg cells (female gametes), occurs within the ovaries and is fundamental to female fertility. This sequence begins during fetal development when diploid oogonia in the developing ovaries undergo mitotic divisions to produce primary oocytes. By birth, these primary oocytes enter prophase I of meiosis but become arrested in this stage, remaining suspended until puberty.
Each primary oocyte is surrounded by a layer of pre-granulosa cells, forming what is known...
Ovaries01:26

Ovaries

The ovaries are roughly the size of almonds and measure approximately 2 to 3 centimeters in length. These paired structures are situated within the pelvic region and are anchored by the mesovarium—a peritoneal extension that also connects them to the wider structure of the broad ligament. The support system extends to the suspensory ligament, housing blood and lymphatic vessels. In addition, the ovarian ligament tethers the ovaries to the uterus.
On the ovarian surface, a layer of cuboidal...
Proliferative Phase01:20

Proliferative Phase

The proliferative phase typically occurs after menstruation and lasts between 6 to 13 days in a standard 28-day cycle. This phase involves the reconstruction of the endometrium, guided by estrogen produced by the developing ovarian follicle.
Notably, the stratum basale, the basal layer of the endometrium, including the basal parts of the uterine glands, remains unaffected by menstruation. Stem cells in this layer undergo mitosis, regenerating the stratum functionalis and thickening the...
Uterus and Cervix01:18

Uterus and Cervix

The uterus, commonly called the womb, is a vital reproductive organ in females designed to provide a nurturing environment for the implantation and growth of an embryo. It is shaped like a hollow pear and positioned between the urinary bladder and the rectum. The uterus's structure allows it to support and protect a developing fetus throughout pregnancy.
The uterus is securely anchored within the pelvic cavity by paired broad ligaments on either side. It is further stabilized by three pairs of...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 3, 2026

A Coregistered Ultrasound and Photoacoustic Imaging Protocol for the Transvaginal Imaging of Ovarian Lesions
10:21

A Coregistered Ultrasound and Photoacoustic Imaging Protocol for the Transvaginal Imaging of Ovarian Lesions

Published on: March 3, 2023

[Struma ovarii during pregnancy].

F J S Netters1, M W van Oven, A J van Loon

  • 1Martini Ziekenhuis, Groningen.

Nederlands Tijdschrift Voor Geneeskunde
|July 30, 2008
PubMed
Summary

A rare ovarian teratoma, struma ovarii, was found in a pregnant woman with subclinical hyperthyroidism and gestational diabetes. The cyst necessitated a caesarean section and adnexectomy, with no signs of malignancy.

Area of Science:

  • Reproductive Endocrinology
  • Gynecologic Oncology
  • Endocrinology

Background:

  • Subclinical hyperthyroidism and gestational diabetes present unique challenges during pregnancy.
  • Ovarian teratomas are germ cell tumors, with struma ovarii being a rare subtype predominantly composed of thyroid tissue.

Observation:

  • A 41-year-old woman, gravida 10, para 7, presented with subclinical hyperthyroidism and gestational diabetes.
  • An ovarian cyst was detected at 16 weeks gestation, leading to a transverse fetal presentation.
  • An elective caesarean section at 37 weeks was followed by adnexectomy due to the cyst's impact on delivery.

Findings:

  • Histological examination confirmed the ovarian cyst as a struma ovarii.
  • The struma ovarii was identified as a rare, mature ovarian teratoma.

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  • No evidence of malignancy was detected in the ovarian tissue.

    • Implications:

    • This case highlights the importance of vigilant monitoring of ovarian masses during pregnancy.
    • Management of concurrent endocrine conditions like subclinical hyperthyroidism and gestational diabetes is crucial.
    • Surgical intervention for ovarian masses causing obstetric complications requires careful consideration of maternal and fetal well-being.