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Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay

Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay

In 1971, Peter Perlman and Eva Engvall developed an Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA or EIA). ELISA differs from western blot in that the assays are conducted in microtiter plates or in vivo rather than on an absorbent membrane.
There are many different types of ELISAs, but they all involve an antibody molecule whose constant region binds an enzyme, leaving the variable region free to bind its specific antigen. Enzyme-substrate reaction allows the antigen to be visualized or quantified.

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Updated: Jul 3, 2026

A Method for Selecting Structure-switching Aptamers Applied to a Colorimetric Gold Nanoparticle Assay

A Method for Selecting Structure-switching Aptamers Applied to a Colorimetric Gold Nanoparticle Assay

Published on: February 28, 2015

Enzyme colorimetric assay using unmodified silver nanoparticles.

Hui Wei¹, Chaogui Chen, Bingyan Han

¹State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, PR China.

Analytical Chemistry

|July 30, 2008

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces a simple, label-free colorimetric assay using silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) for detecting enzymatic reactions like dephosphorylation and phosphorylation. The assay shows high sensitivity and potential for complex biological samples.

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Last Updated: Jul 3, 2026

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Area of Science:

Nanotechnology
Biochemistry
Analytical Chemistry

Background:

Colorimetric assays using metallic nanoparticles offer simplicity, high sensitivity, and low cost for bioassays.
Gold nanoparticles (GNPs) have been predominantly used, but silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) present an alternative sensing element.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop a sensitive, selective, simple, and label-free colorimetric assay utilizing unmodified silver nanoparticle (AgNP) probes.
To detect enzymatic reactions, specifically adenosine triphosphate (ATP) dephosphorylation by calf intestine alkaline phosphatase (CIAP) and peptide phosphorylation by protein kinase A (PKA).

Main Methods:

Utilized the surface plasmon resonance properties of AgNPs for colorimetric detection.
Exploited the protective effect of unreacted ATP on AgNPs against salt-induced aggregation, which is lost upon enzymatic reaction.

Main Results:

Successfully detected dephosphorylation and phosphorylation via AgNP color change.
Achieved detection limits of 1 unit/mL for CIAP and 0.022 unit/mL for PKA.
Demonstrated the capability to detect enzymatic inhibition and activity in complex biological fluids.

Conclusions:

Developed a promising label-free colorimetric assay using AgNPs for enzyme detection.
The method offers potential for enzyme assays in complex systems and screening of enzyme inhibitors.