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Biological Effects of Radiation

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All radioactive nuclides emit high-energy particles or electromagnetic waves. When this radiation encounters living cells, it can cause heating, break chemical bonds, or ionize molecules. The most serious biological damage results when these radioactive emissions fragment or ionize molecules. For example, α and β particles emitted from nuclear decay reactions possess much higher energies than ordinary chemical bond energies. When these particles strike and penetrate matter, they produce ions...

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Updated: Jul 3, 2026

Dosimetry for Cell Irradiation using Orthovoltage (40-300 kV) X-Ray Facilities

Dosimetry for Cell Irradiation using Orthovoltage (40-300 kV) X-Ray Facilities

Published on: February 20, 2021

Small-scale dosimetry: challenges and future directions.

John C Roeske¹, Bulent Aydogan, Manuel Bardies

¹Department of Radiation Oncology, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL 60153, USA. jroeske@lumc.edu

Seminars in Nuclear Medicine

|July 30, 2008

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Targeted radionuclide therapy using alpha, beta, and Auger electron emitters offers precise cancer treatment. Accurate dosimetry at the cellular level is crucial but challenging due to short emission ranges.

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Irradiator Commissioning and Dosimetry for Assessment of LQ α and β Parameters, Radiation Dosing Schema, and in vivo Dose Deposition

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Published on: May 27, 2016

Area of Science:

Nuclear medicine
Medical physics
Radiochemistry

Background:

Targeted therapies increasingly utilize radionuclides emitting particulate radiation (alpha, beta, Auger electrons).
These emitters offer potential for high therapeutic ratios by localizing dose to individual tumor cells.
Challenges exist in accurately quantifying radiation dose at the microscopic scale of these emissions.

Purpose of the Study:

To review particulate-emitting radionuclides used in targeted therapy.
To discuss dosimetry techniques specific to alpha, beta, and Auger electron emissions.
To identify limitations and clinical barriers for small-scale dosimetry.

Main Methods:

Review of literature on particulate emitters and their dosimetry.
Discussion of scale-dependent dosimetric approaches.
Analysis of factors impacting clinical translation of microdosimetry.

Main Results:

Alpha particles (micrometers), beta particles (millimeters), and Auger electrons (nanometers) require distinct dosimetric methods.
Accurate dose characterization at these scales is complex.
Limitations in current dosimetry hinder widespread clinical application.

Conclusions:

Particulate-emitting radionuclides hold promise for targeted cancer therapy.
Development of precise, scale-appropriate dosimetry is essential for clinical efficacy.
Overcoming dosimetry challenges is key to realizing the full potential of these agents.