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Self-cross-linking polyelectrolyte complexes for therapeutic cell encapsulation.

M A Jafar Mazumder1, Feng Shen, Nicholas A D Burke

  • 1Department of Chemistry, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.

Biomacromolecules
|July 31, 2008
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Summary

Researchers developed self-cross-linking polyelectrolytes to reinforce calcium alginate beads for cell encapsulation. This novel coating enhances bead stability against osmotic pressure and chemical challenges, ensuring cell viability.

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Polymer Chemistry
  • Cell Encapsulation Technology

Background:

  • Calcium alginate beads are widely used for cell encapsulation but suffer from instability.
  • Existing methods for strengthening these beads have limitations in resisting various challenges.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a robust surface coating for calcium alginate beads using self-cross-linking polyelectrolytes.
  • To enhance the stability and functionality of calcium alginate beads for improved cell encapsulation.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesized two specific polyelectrolytes via radical polymerization.
  • Applied polyelectrolytes sequentially onto calcium alginate beads to form a cross-linked shell.
  • Utilized confocal laser fluorescence microscopy and Gel Permeation Chromatography (GPC) for characterization.
  • Assessed cell viability (C 2C 12 mouse cells) within the coated capsules.

Main Results:

  • A covalently cross-linked polyelectrolyte complex shell was formed on calcium alginate beads.
  • The shell effectively resisted osmotic pressure, citrate, and high ionic strength.
  • Polyelectrolytes localized to the outer 7-25 micrometers, with shell thickness increasing over time.
  • Molecular weight cut-offs suitable for cell encapsulation (150-200 kg/mol) were determined.
  • Encapsulated C 2C 12 cells remained viable, despite some fibroid overcoats observed post-implantation due to immune response.

Conclusions:

  • Self-cross-linking polyelectrolytes provide a stable and effective coating for calcium alginate beads.
  • The enhanced beads are suitable for cell encapsulation, maintaining cell viability.
  • Further investigation into mitigating immune responses for in vivo applications may be warranted.