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Related Concept Videos

Pulmonary Tuberculosis IV01:26

Pulmonary Tuberculosis IV

Tuberculosis, more commonly referred to as TB, is an infectious disease stemming from Mycobacterium tuberculosis. While it primarily impacts the lungs, TB can also affect other body areas. Given its severity and global impact, timely and accurate diagnosis is crucial for controlling its spread and improving patient outcomes.
Several diagnostic approaches are used to detect TB. The conventional method is the Tuberculin Skin Test (TST), also known as the Mantoux test. However, this method has...
Pulmonary Tuberculosis I01:29

Pulmonary Tuberculosis I

Tuberculosis, often called TB, is a contagious illness primarily caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It mainly affects the lung parenchyma but can also impact other body parts.
Causative Organism
The primary infectious agent causing tuberculosis is Mycobacterium tuberculosis, a slow-growing, acid-fast, aerobic rod that exhibits sensitivity to heat and ultraviolet light. Instances of Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium avium contributing to the development of TB infection are rare.
Mode of...
Pulmonary Tuberculosis V01:28

Pulmonary Tuberculosis V

Medical management of tuberculosis (TB) patients involves a comprehensive approach that includes diagnosis, treatment, and monitoring. The specific strategies can vary depending on the type of tuberculosis (latent or active), the patient's overall health status, and other considerations.
Latent tuberculosis infection occurs when TB bacteria are present in a person's body, but are not causing illness or symptoms. It is not contagious, and preventive treatment is crucial to avoid the progression...
Tuberculosis01:23

Tuberculosis

Tuberculosis (TB) remains a significant global health concern, primarily targeting the lungs and spreading through airborne transmission. Infection begins when aerosolized droplet nuclei, expelled by an individual with active TB, are inhaled by another person. These microscopic particles carry Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the causative agent of TB. Upon reaching the alveoli, the bacilli are engulfed by alveolar macrophages. However, due to their specialized lipid-rich cell wall, these pathogens...
Vaccinations01:51

Vaccinations

Overview
Pulmonary Tuberculosis II01:28

Pulmonary Tuberculosis II

Tuberculosis, or TB, is a bacterial infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. While its primary impact is on the lungs, leading to pulmonary tuberculosis, it can also affect various other organs, a condition referred to as extrapulmonary tuberculosis.
Here is a detailed explanation of its pathophysiology:
Transmission: The process begins when a person inhales droplet nuclei containing M. tuberculosis. These are typically released into the air when an individual with pulmonary or...

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Adjuvant Activity of Mycobacterium paratuberculosis in Enhancing the Immunogenicity of Autoantigens During Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis
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Vaccination against paratuberculosis.

Valérie Rosseels1, Kris Huygen

  • 1WIV-Pasteur Institute Brussels, Laboratory of Mycobacterial Immunology, 642 Engelandstraat, B1180 Brussels, Belgium. vrosseels@pasteur.be

Expert Review of Vaccines
|July 31, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Johne's disease, a chronic enteritis in ruminants caused by Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP), leads to significant economic losses. Current diagnostics and vaccines are insufficient, highlighting the need for improved control strategies.

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Application of Long-term cultured Interferon-&#947; Enzyme-linked Immunospot Assay for Assessing Effector and Memory T Cell Responses in Cattle
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Published on: July 11, 2015

Area of Science:

  • Veterinary Immunology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Ruminant Health

Background:

  • Johne's disease (paratuberculosis) is a chronic enteritis in ruminants caused by MAP.
  • It leads to significant economic losses, especially in the dairy sector, with fecal-oral transmission.
  • Current control methods and diagnostics are insufficient for early and specific detection.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current knowledge on immune responses to MAP infection in cattle.
  • To provide an overview of existing MAP vaccines.
  • To discuss the development of next-generation subunit vaccines.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on cattle studies.
  • Analysis of immune responses to MAP.
  • Evaluation of current and emerging vaccine technologies.

Main Results:

  • Existing whole-cell vaccines offer limited protection and interfere with diagnostics.
  • Subunit vaccines represent a promising avenue for improved control.
  • Understanding immune responses is crucial for developing effective vaccines.

Conclusions:

  • There is a critical need for improved diagnostics and vaccines for Johne's disease.
  • Second-generation subunit vaccines hold potential for better protection and diagnostic compatibility.
  • Further research into MAP-specific immune responses is essential for vaccine development.