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Classical altitude training.

B Friedmann-Bette1

  • 1Internal Medicine VII, Sports Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld, Heidelberg, Germany. Birgit.FriedmannBette@med.uni-heidelberg.de

Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports
|September 9, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Altitude training may enhance sea-level performance, particularly in endurance sports. However, its effects on elite athletes and team sports like football require further investigation, with individual responses varying significantly.

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Area of Science:

  • Sports Science
  • Exercise Physiology
  • Altitude Training

Background:

  • Classical altitude training has been studied for decades in individual endurance sports.
  • Its effects on team sports, such as football, remain largely unexamined.
  • Previous research shows mixed results, with some studies indicating benefits for well-trained athletes, while others show no significant effect in elite athletes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effects of altitude training on sea-level performance in team sports.
  • To explore whether hypoxia provides an additional stimulus for muscular adaptation during training.
  • To understand the factors contributing to inter-individual variation in performance enhancement after altitude exposure.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing scientific literature on altitude training.
  • Analysis of controlled and uncontrolled studies in individual and team sports.
  • Examination of physiological adaptations, including hemoglobin mass and aerobic capacity.

Main Results:

  • Altitude training at 1800-2700 m for 3-4 weeks may be superior to sea-level training for well-trained athletes.
  • Elite athletes show less consistent performance enhancement compared to well-trained athletes.
  • Evidence suggests increased hemoglobin mass after prolonged altitude exposure (>3 weeks at >2000 m).

Conclusions:

  • Altitude training's benefits for elite athletes and team sports are not definitively established.
  • Hypoxia's role in augmenting muscular adaptation at equal training intensity needs further research.
  • Individual variability in erythropoietic response and aerobic capacity during hypoxia influences performance outcomes.