Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Vaccinations

Vaccinations

Development of Immunocompetence

Development of Immunocompetence

The initiation of cell-mediated immunity can be observed as early as the third month of fetal growth, with active antibody-mediated immunity following approximately one month later.
The initial cells that migrate from the fetal thymus settle within the skin and epithelial tissues lining the mouth, digestive tract, and in females, the uterus and vagina. These cells, including skin-based dendritic cells, serve as antigen-presenting cells, playing a key role in T cell activation.
Subsequent T...

Vaccines

Vaccines

Vaccines are among the most effective tools in preventive medicine, designed to prepare the immune system to recognize and combat infectious agents. By introducing antigens—substances that the immune system identifies as foreign—vaccines stimulate an adaptive immune response that leads to immunological memory. This immunological memory enables the body to mount a faster and more effective response upon future exposures to the actual pathogen.Vaccines can be categorized based on the type of...

Immunological Memory

Immunological Memory

Immunological memory, a pivotal pillar of the adaptive immune system, is responsible for the body's ability to remember and respond more swiftly and effectively to previously encountered pathogens. This remarkable feature is what makes vaccines so effective in preventing diseases.
What is Immunological Memory?
Immunological memory is an integral function of the immune system that allows it to recognize and react more rapidly and effectively to pathogens previously encountered. This feature is...

Cell-mediated Immune Responses

Cell-mediated Immune Responses

Immune Response Against Viral Pathogens

Immune Response Against Viral Pathogens

The immune system's response to viral infections is a complex and coordinated process involving natural killer (NK) cells, T cell-mediated responses, and antibody-mediated responses.
NK Cells
NK cells are a crucial part of our innate immune system, acting as the first line of defense against viral infections. These cells can recognize and kill infected cells without prior exposure to the virus, effectively slowing down the spread of infection. Additionally, NK cells produce proinflammatory...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Clinical features, disease severity, and outcomes of pertussis in hospitalized children: A retrospective study from Serbia.

PloS one·2026

Same author

Determinants of seat belt use among drivers: a BRFSS study from a middle-income country (Vojvodina, Serbia).

Frontiers in public health·2026

Same author

Differential Therapeutic Modulations of Adiponectin: Beneficial, Adverse, and Context-Dependent Effects in Chronic Coronary Syndromes.

Medical principles and practice : international journal of the Kuwait University, Health Science Centre·2026

Same author

Predictors of binge drinking among adults in Autonomous Province of Vojvodina, Serbia: Data from the population-based behavioral risk-factors surveillance system.

PloS one·2026

Same author

What do we talk about when we talk about ecological determinants of health? A systematic review.

BMC public health·2026

Same author

Extracellular Matrix Remodelling in the Human Sural Nerve in Peripheral Vascular Disease.

Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania)·2026

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 3, 2026

Development of an IFN-γ ELISpot Assay to Assess Varicella-Zoster Virus-specific Cell-mediated Immunity Following Umbilical Cord Blood Transplantation

Development of an IFN-γ ELISpot Assay to Assess Varicella-Zoster Virus-specific Cell-mediated Immunity Following Umbilical Cord Blood Transplantation

Published on: July 9, 2014

[Effects of the immunization program in Vojvodina].

Zorica Seguljev¹, Vladimir Petrović, Gorana Cosić

¹Centar za kontrolu i prevenciju bolesti, Institut za javno zdravlje Vojvodine, Novi Sad.

Medicinski Pregled

|August 1, 2008

Summary

High vaccination coverage in Vojvodina has led to the elimination of polio and diphtheria, with measles also controlled. Maintaining these results requires up-to-date immunization practices and addressing missed opportunities to prevent vaccine-preventable diseases.

More Related Videos

Rapid In Vivo Assessment of Adjuvant's Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes Generation Capabilities for Vaccine Development

Rapid In Vivo Assessment of Adjuvant's Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes Generation Capabilities for Vaccine Development

Published on: June 19, 2018

Optimized Interferon-gamma ELISpot Assay to Measure T Cell Responses in the Guinea Pig Model after Vaccination

Optimized Interferon-gamma ELISpot Assay to Measure T Cell Responses in the Guinea Pig Model after Vaccination

Published on: January 20, 2019

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 3, 2026

Development of an IFN-γ ELISpot Assay to Assess Varicella-Zoster Virus-specific Cell-mediated Immunity Following Umbilical Cord Blood Transplantation

Development of an IFN-γ ELISpot Assay to Assess Varicella-Zoster Virus-specific Cell-mediated Immunity Following Umbilical Cord Blood Transplantation

Published on: July 9, 2014

Rapid In Vivo Assessment of Adjuvant's Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes Generation Capabilities for Vaccine Development

Rapid In Vivo Assessment of Adjuvant's Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes Generation Capabilities for Vaccine Development

Published on: June 19, 2018

Optimized Interferon-gamma ELISpot Assay to Measure T Cell Responses in the Guinea Pig Model after Vaccination

Optimized Interferon-gamma ELISpot Assay to Measure T Cell Responses in the Guinea Pig Model after Vaccination

Published on: January 20, 2019

Area of Science:

Public Health
Epidemiology
Immunization Programs

Context:

The Expanded Programme on Immunization (EPI) aims to reduce communicable diseases globally.
Assessing immunization program effectiveness is crucial for public health.
Vojvodina's immunization data from the mandatory reporting system until 2006 was analyzed.

Purpose:

To analyze the results of the immunization program in Vojvodina.
To evaluate vaccination coverage for diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis, poliomyelitis, and measles.
To identify missed opportunities in immunization between 1997 and 2006.

Summary:

Poliomyelitis and diphtheria have been eradicated in Vojvodina since 1963 and 1978, respectively. Measles cases were absent from 2001-2006.
Vaccination coverage for polio, diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis exceeded 96%, while measles vaccination coverage was 95% (96% for revaccination).
The primary reason for missed immunization opportunities was non-response to calls (46.6%).

Impact:

Sustained disease control relies on maintaining high, equitable vaccination coverage.
Current administrative follow-up is insufficient to track unvaccinated children.
New mechanisms are needed to identify at-risk populations for vaccine-preventable diseases.