Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jul 3, 2026

Preparation of Stable Bicyclic Aziridinium Ions and Their Ring-Opening for the Synthesis of Azaheterocycles
Published on: August 22, 2018
The structure of alkali metal derivatives of azoles: N-sigma versus pi structures
Fernando Blanco1, Ibon Alkorta, Jose Elguero
1Instituto de Química Médica (CSIC), Juan de la Cierva, 3, 28006-Madrid, Spain.
Abstract:
High level ab initio calculations have been used to study the relative stability of N-sigma and pi configurations of the neutral alkaline derivatives of azoles. The N-sigma structure is the one normally expected for nonionized azolate salts. However, the results show that in the case of the pyrrole and imidazole the pi configuration is more stable than the N-sigma one. The preference of the N-sigma vs pi configurations is related to the presence or the absence of two contiguous nitrogen atoms in the azole ring. A search in the CSD shows that some pyrrolate and imidazolate salts exist in solid phase in the pi configuration.
More Related Videos
Related Concept Videos
Structures of Carboxylic Acid Derivatives
Carboxylic acid derivatives contain an acyl group attached to a heteroatom such as chlorine, oxygen, or nitrogen. The carbonyl carbon and oxygen are both sp2-hybridized with an unhybridized p orbital.
The three sp2 orbitals of the carbonyl carbon form three σ bonds, one each with the carbonyl oxygen, the α carbon, and the heteroatom, whereas the other two sp2 orbitals of the carbonyl oxygen are occupied by the lone pairs. Further, the unhybridized p...
Structures of Aldehydes and Ketones
In aldehydes (Figures 1a and 1b), the carbonyl...
Structure of Amines
Basicity of Heterocyclic Aromatic Amines
Structure of Benzene: Molecular Orbital Model
Resonance

