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Olfactory Receptors: Location and Structure01:03

Olfactory Receptors: Location and Structure

The process of olfaction, also known as the sense of smell, is a sophisticated chemical response system. The specialized sensory neurons that facilitate this process, known as olfactory receptor neurons, are situated in an upper segment of the nasal cavity, known as the olfactory epithelium. Olfactory sensory neurons are bipolar, with their dendrites extending from the epithelium's apex into the mucus that lines the nasal cavity. Airborne molecules, when inhaled, traverse the olfactory...

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V-ATPase expression in the mouse olfactory epithelium.

Teodor G Paunescu1, Abigail C Jones, Robert Tyszkowski

  • 1Center for Systems Biology, Program in Membrane Biology and Division of Nephrology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts 02114, USA. paunescu@receptor.mgh.harvard.edu

American Journal of Physiology. Cell Physiology
|August 1, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Vacuolar proton-pumping ATPase (V-ATPase) is present in mouse olfactory epithelium, potentially regulating pH for olfaction and CO2 detection. This study identified key V-ATPase subunits in various olfactory cell types.

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Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Physiology
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • Vacuolar proton-pumping ATPase (V-ATPase) regulates pH in intracellular organelles and extracellular compartments.
  • Extracellular pH regulation is implicated in the sense of olfaction.
  • The role of V-ATPase in the olfactory epithelium (OE) is not well understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the expression and localization of V-ATPase subunits in the mouse olfactory epithelium.
  • To determine the potential role of V-ATPase in OE pH homeostasis and olfactory signal transduction.

Main Methods:

  • Immunocytochemistry was used to detect V-ATPase subunits ATP6V1A, ATP6V1E1, ATP6V1B1, and ATP6V1B2.
  • Immunoblotting was employed to confirm V-ATPase expression in mouse OE.
  • Localization studies were performed in epithelial cells, nerve fiber cells, and Bowman's glands.

Main Results:

  • V-ATPase subunits ATP6V1A and ATP6V1E1 were detected in epithelial cells, nerve fiber cells, and Bowman's glands.
  • Both B subunit isoforms, ATP6V1B1 and ATP6V1B2, were identified in the OE.
  • ATP6V1B1 localized to sustentacular cell microvilli and olfactory sensory cell lateral membranes, while ATP6V1B2 was found in sustentacular cell subapical domains.

Conclusions:

  • V-ATPase is expressed in the mouse olfactory epithelium, suggesting a role in proton secretion.
  • The findings support V-ATPase's involvement in maintaining the pH homeostasis of the neuroepithelial mucous layer.
  • V-ATPase may play a role in signal transduction, particularly in CO2 detection.