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Related Concept Videos

Antiasthma Drugs: Mast Cell Stabilizers and Anti-IgE Drugs01:25

Antiasthma Drugs: Mast Cell Stabilizers and Anti-IgE Drugs

Asthma is a chronic respiratory condition for which new therapeutic avenues, including anti-inflammatory drugs like mast cell stabilizers and anti-IgE treatments, continue to be developed.
Mast cell stabilizers, such as cromolyn (also known as sodium cromoglycate) and nedocromil (Tilade), are effective drugs in asthma management. These stabilizers hinder histamine release by skillfully obstructing the activation of mast cells and other cellular entities. Notably, they navigate this task without...
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Drugs Used in Lower Respiratory Disorders: Overview

Lower respiratory tract disorders present challenges that often require skilled and nuanced approaches for effective management. Common ailments, such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), have prompted the development of intricate treatment strategies involving bronchodilators and anti-inflammatory drugs, each tailored to ease breathing and revitalize the lungs.
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Allergic Reactions: Anaphylaxis01:30

Allergic Reactions: Anaphylaxis

Anaphylaxis is a severe, life-threatening hypersensitivity reaction mediated by Immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies. When IgE binds to allergens, it triggers the release of mediators– histamine, leukotrienes, and prostaglandins from mast cells and basophils. These mediators cause vasodilation, edema, and inflammation, leading to various symptoms.The primary allergens causing anaphylaxis include food items (e.g., peanuts, shellfish), drugs (e.g., penicillin, asparaginase, corticotropin, heparin),...
Allergic Reactions02:06

Allergic Reactions

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Tumor Immunotherapy01:27

Tumor Immunotherapy

Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
Antibody Structure01:10

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Antibodies, also known as immunoglobulins (Ig), are essential players of the adaptive immune system. These antigen-binding proteins are produced by B cells and make up 20 percent of the total blood plasma by weight. In mammals, antibodies fall into five different classes, which each elicits a different biological response upon antigen binding.
The Y-Shaped Structure of Antibodies Consists of Four Polypeptide Chains
Antibodies consist of four polypeptide chains: two identical heavy...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 3, 2026

Symptom Assessment of Patients with Allergic Rhinitis Using an Allergen Exposure Chamber
08:47

Symptom Assessment of Patients with Allergic Rhinitis Using an Allergen Exposure Chamber

Published on: March 3, 2023

[Specific immunotherapy for allergic rhinitis. Current methods and innovative developments].

O Pfaar1, L Klimek

  • 1Zentrum für Rhinologie und Allergologie der HNO-Universitätsklinik Mannheim, An den Quellen 10, 65183 Wiesbaden. oliver.pfaar@hno-wiesbaden.de

HNO
|August 1, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Specific immunotherapy (SIT) is a key treatment for allergic rhinitis. Both subcutaneous (SCIT) and sublingual (SLIT) routes offer benefits, with ongoing research into SLIT

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Last Updated: Jul 3, 2026

Symptom Assessment of Patients with Allergic Rhinitis Using an Allergen Exposure Chamber
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Intralymphatic Immunotherapy and Vaccination in Mice
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Intralymphatic Immunotherapy and Vaccination in Mice

Published on: February 2, 2014

Area of Science:

  • Allergy and Immunology
  • Immunotherapy Research
  • Respiratory Medicine

Context:

  • Allergic rhinitis management involves allergen avoidance, medication, and specific immunotherapy (SIT).
  • Subcutaneous immunotherapy (SCIT) is established, with proven clinical effectiveness and safety.
  • Sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT) is an emerging alternative with potential for tolerance induction.

Purpose:

  • To review the established efficacy and safety of SCIT for allergic rhinitis.
  • To explore the potential of SLIT, including its mechanisms and current limitations.
  • To provide an overview of innovative strategies in both SCIT and SLIT.

Summary:

  • SCIT demonstrates clinical effectiveness, long-term results, asthma prevention, and reduced co-sensitization.
  • SLIT shows promise, potentially utilizing oral Langerhans cells for tolerance, but long-term effects and asthma prevention require further study.
  • Innovative approaches like cluster/rush schemes, recombinant allergens, and adjuvant therapies are being explored for both SCIT and SLIT.

Impact:

  • Provides a comprehensive overview of current and emerging SIT strategies for allergic rhinitis.
  • Highlights the established benefits of SCIT and the evolving understanding of SLIT.
  • Informs clinical practice and future research directions in allergen immunotherapy.