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Related Concept Videos

Understanding the Self01:28

Understanding the Self

The self is a central aspect of human identity, encompassing an individual’s beliefs, emotions, perceptions, and experiences. It is a cognitive and psychological construct that enables individuals to interpret their traits and behaviors, influencing how they perceive themselves and interact with the world. While personality consists of stable and enduring characteristics, the self is shaped by self-perception and social experiences. This distinction highlights the dynamic nature of the self,...
Introspection01:29

Introspection

Introspection, long upheld as a reliable route to self-knowledge, involves examining one's thoughts, emotions, and mental processes. It underpins many psychological practices, from mindfulness meditation to psychotherapy and self-help strategies. However, empirical evidence challenges the accuracy of introspection as a means of understanding oneself.Limitations of Introspective InsightSeminal work by Nisbett and Wilson demonstrated that individuals are frequently unaware of the true causes...
The Looking Glass Self01:28

The Looking Glass Self

The concept of the looking-glass self describes how an individual's self-concept is shaped by their perception of how others see them. This psychological theory, first introduced by sociologist Charles Horton Cooley in 1902, posits that self-identity emerges in a social context and is influenced by the judgments—real or imagined—of others.Research suggests that individuals frequently overestimate how positively others perceive them. This is particularly evident in physical self-perception,...
Self-Awareness and Its Effects01:21

Self-Awareness and Its Effects

Self-awareness is a psychological state in which the individual becomes the focal point of their attention. This inward focus transforms the self into an object of contemplation and assessment, influencing how individuals perceive their actions and their alignment with personal and societal standards.Triggers and Contexts for Self-AwarenessSelf-awareness can be activated by external stimuli that make individuals visually or audibly aware of themselves, such as mirrors, cameras, or recordings.
Brain Imaging01:14

Brain Imaging

Brain imaging technologies provide critical insights into both the structure and function of the human brain, enabling medical professionals and researchers to diagnose, study, and treat neurological disorders or psychiatric disorders more effectively.
These technologies include computerized axial tomography (CAT or CT scans), positron-emission tomography (PET scans),  magnetic resonance imaging (MRI),  functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), and Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS).
Understanding Self-Concept01:20

Understanding Self-Concept

The self-concept encompasses individuals' beliefs about themselves, structured through cognitive frameworks known as self-schemas. These schemas function as mental representations of specific traits or behaviors, influencing how self-relevant information is perceived, processed, and remembered. For example, individuals who are schematic for body weight are more likely to interpret routine experiences—such as dining out or shopping—through the lens of that trait. Conversely, those aschematic for...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 3, 2026

A Modified Mirror Test as a Visual Guide for the Self-awareness Trait in Wild Antarctica Penguins, Pygoscelis adeliae
04:51

A Modified Mirror Test as a Visual Guide for the Self-awareness Trait in Wild Antarctica Penguins, Pygoscelis adeliae

Published on: July 8, 2025

[Brain imaging of reflection on self].

E Salmon1, A D'Argembeau, C Bastin

  • 1Service de Neurologie, CHU Sart Tilman, Liège, Belgique.

Revue Medicale De Liege
|August 2, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Self-judgment activates the medial parietal cortex and ventromedial prefrontal cortex. Alzheimer's disease impairs these regions, reducing self-awareness and judgment of personal deficits.

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Brain Imaging Investigation of the Neural Correlates of Emotional Autobiographical Recollection
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Brain Imaging Investigation of the Neural Correlates of Emotional Autobiographical Recollection

Published on: August 26, 2011

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Neurology

Context:

  • Self-referential processing involves specific brain regions.
  • Medial parietal cortex is linked to episodic memory.
  • Ventromedial prefrontal cortex is involved in evaluating personal significance.

Purpose:

  • To identify brain regions involved in self-judgment.
  • To explore the neural basis of self-awareness deficits in Alzheimer's disease.

Summary:

  • Self-judgment activates the medial parietal cortex (episodic memory) and ventromedial prefrontal cortex (personal valence evaluation).
  • These key regions are deactivated in Alzheimer's disease patients.
  • Reduced self-awareness in Alzheimer's correlates with impaired episodic memory and self-significance judgment.

Impact:

  • Understanding the neural underpinnings of self-awareness.
  • Potential for early detection of cognitive decline in Alzheimer's disease.
  • Informing therapeutic strategies targeting self-awareness restoration.