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Related Concept Videos

Amino acids03:42

Amino acids

Amino acids are the monomers that comprise proteins. Each amino acid has the same fundamental structure, which consists of a central carbon atom, or the alpha (α) carbon, bonded to an amino group (NH2), a carboxyl group (COOH), and to a hydrogen atom. Every amino acid also has another atom or group of atoms bonded to the central atom known as the R group. There are 20 common amino acids present in proteins, each with a different R group. Variation in the amino acid sequence is responsible for...
Gut-Brain Axis01:22

Gut-Brain Axis

The gut–brain axis is a bidirectional communication system that connects the gastrointestinal tract and the brain. This interaction is mediated through multiple pathways, including the vagus nerve, hormonal signals, immune responses, and chemical messengers produced by gut microbes.Microbial Contributions to Brain FunctionGut microbiota contributes significantly to brain function by producing neuroactive compounds. These include neuroactive compounds that influence neurotransmitters such as...
Protein Absorption01:12

Protein Absorption

Proteins in the gastrointestinal tract typically come from food, but they can also originate from disintegrated cells or secreted enzymes. In the stomach, the enzyme pepsin breaks down these proteins into polypeptides. The fragments then move into the duodenum as a semi-fluid mass called chyme. Pancreatic proteases, such as trypsin and chymotrypsin, and intestinal brush border enzymes like carboxypeptidases further dismantle the polypeptides into tripeptides, dipeptides, and free amino acids.
Amino Acid Catabolism01:18

Amino Acid Catabolism

Microorganisms rely on proteins as an essential carbon and energy source, particularly in environments with limited polysaccharides or lipids. However, proteins are too large to cross the plasma membrane unaided, necessitating enzymatic degradation. Microbes secrete extracellular proteases and peptidases that hydrolyze proteins into peptides, which can then be transported across the membrane. Once inside the cell, intracellular proteases degrade these peptides into free amino acids, which...
Protein Digestion01:02

Protein Digestion

Protein digestion begins in the stomach, where the highly acidic environment can easily disrupt protein structure by exposing the peptide bonds of polypeptide chains. After polypeptide chains are broken into individual amino acids by a series of digestive enzymes, the amino acids are transported to the liver via the bloodstream to produce energy.
Amino Acid Biosynthetic Pathways01:29

Amino Acid Biosynthetic Pathways

Amino acid biosynthesis is essential for cell growth, protein synthesis, and metabolic regulation. Cells generate essential and non-essential amino acids from metabolic intermediates to sustain vital biological functions. These intermediates originate from key metabolic pathways: glycolysis, the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, and the pentose phosphate pathway. Important precursors include α-ketoglutarate, pyruvate, oxaloacetate, phosphoenolpyruvate, and erythrose-4-phosphate, which provide...

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Extraction of Non-Protein Amino Acids from Cyanobacteria for Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry Analysis
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Extraction of Non-Protein Amino Acids from Cyanobacteria for Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry Analysis

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Amino acids and gut function.

W W Wang1, S Y Qiao, D F Li

  • 1State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture Feed Industry Centre, China Agricultural University, 100094, Beijing, China.

Amino Acids
|August 2, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Dietary amino acids are crucial for gut health, providing fuel and building blocks for intestinal cells. Specific amino acids show therapeutic potential for gut diseases by supporting intestinal integrity and growth.

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Area of Science:

  • Gastroenterology
  • Nutritional Science
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • The intestine plays a vital role in nutrient absorption and immune system interaction.
  • Dietary amino acids are essential fuels and substrates for intestinal cells, supporting critical biological functions.
  • Foreign antigens frequently enter the body via the digestive tract.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the therapeutic potential of specific amino acids in managing gut-related diseases.
  • To investigate the effects of amino acids on intestinal integrity, growth, and overall health.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent scientific literature on amino acid metabolism and function in the gut.
  • Analysis of studies investigating the impact of specific amino acids on animal and human gut health.

Main Results:

  • Specific amino acids, including glutamine, glutamate, arginine, glycine, lysine, threonine, and sulfur-containing amino acids, demonstrate therapeutic promise.
  • Amino acids exhibit trophic and cytoprotective effects on the gut mucosa.
  • Evidence suggests amino acids contribute to enhanced gut integrity, growth, and health.

Conclusions:

  • Dietary amino acids are vital for maintaining intestinal health and function.
  • Specific amino acids hold significant therapeutic potential for various gut-related conditions.
  • Further research into amino acid supplementation could lead to novel treatments for gastrointestinal disorders.