Structural polymorphism of hydrated monoacylated maltose glycolipids

The physico-chemical properties of three fully hydrated monoacyl maltoside glycolipids were investigated with Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS). The different synthesized maltoside glycoconjugates vary in the length and saturation of the fatty acid moiety, whereas the constant head group region contains a beta-linked maltose with a OC(2)-NH spacer. The compounds with saturated acyl chains showed a complex pattern of temperature-dependent behaviour, regarding the adopted three-dimensional aggregate structure of the molecules and the main phase transition from the gel to liquid crystalline phase of the acyl chains. A substitution of the saturated acyl chain with an unsaturated acyl chain led to a complete change of the structural preferences, from a high ordered stacking of the bilayers to an unilamellar arrangement of completely disordered and fluid membranes. The presence of the NH group in the spacer, compared to the compounds lacking the NH group allows the formation of a hydrogen bonding network, which influences the observed phase properties. The results of these studies of the hydrated monoacylated maltose glycolipids are discussed in relation to the thermotropic phase properties of the pure compounds in the absence of water.