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Related Concept Videos

Toxicity Testing in Animals01:23

Toxicity Testing in Animals

Toxicity tests in animals are grounded on two main assumptions: first, the effects observed in laboratory animals can be extrapolated to humans, especially when adjusted for body surface area; second, high-dose exposure in animals is essential to identify potential human hazards from lower doses. This is based on the quantal dose-response concept, which faces the challenge of extrapolating results from relatively few test animals to much larger human populations. For example, a 0.01% incidence...
Toxicokinetics: Overview01:21

Toxicokinetics: Overview

Studies that assess how a drug is absorbed, distributed, metabolized, and excreted (ADME) at toxic doses are termed toxicokinetics. Understanding toxicokinetics helps predict adverse drug reactions (ADRs) and manage toxicity in humans.Toxicokinetics differs from pharmacokinetics mainly in the dose levels studied, with toxicokinetics focusing on higher toxic doses. The kinetics at these levels can be non-linear due to altered physiological processes. Toxicodynamics examines the relationship...
Toxic Reactions: Overview01:26

Toxic Reactions: Overview

When toxic substances penetrate the human body, they disseminate to various tissues, undergoing metabolic changes. This process yields reactive metabolites that may covalently bind with specific target molecules, resulting in toxicity.
Toxicity falls into two primary categories: local and systemic.
Local toxicity appears at the exposure site, such as protein denaturation caused by caustic substances.
In contrast, systemic toxicity requires the toxic agent's absorption and distribution,...
Drug Toxicity: Overview01:00

Drug Toxicity: Overview

Drug toxicity quantifies the harm a compound causes to an organism, varying by dose and potentially impacting whole systems or specific organs like the liver. Toxic reactions may arise from venomous insect or spider bites, with effects ranging from mild symptoms to severe outcomes such as brain damage or death. Common forms of acute poisoning include ethanol intoxication and overdose of pain or fever medications, with substances like GHB and heroin being particularly lethal at doses close to...
Bioactivation and Tissue Toxicity01:25

Bioactivation and Tissue Toxicity

Bioactivation is a metabolic process that transforms less reactive substances into highly reactive metabolites, initiating tissue toxicity. This transformation can lead to various toxic effects, including carcinogenesis and teratogenesis. Reactive metabolites are classified into two main types: electrophiles and free radicals.Electrophiles are electron-deficient species and are produced primarily by the enzyme cytochrome P-450 during the metabolism of compounds containing carbon, nitrogen, or...
Mutagenicity and Carcinogenicity01:25

Mutagenicity and Carcinogenicity

Mutagenicity and carcinogenicity refer to the ability of drugs to cause genetic defects and induce cancer, respectively. The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) classifies agents into four groups based on their carcinogenic potential. Group 1 agents are known human carcinogens; group 2A agents are probably carcinogenic to humans; group 3 agents lack data to support their role in carcinogenesis; and group 4 includes agents for which data support that they are not likely to be...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 3, 2026

High Content Screening Analysis to Evaluate the Toxicological Effects of Harmful and Potentially Harmful Constituents (HPHC)
11:38

High Content Screening Analysis to Evaluate the Toxicological Effects of Harmful and Potentially Harmful Constituents (HPHC)

Published on: May 10, 2016

ACToR--Aggregated Computational Toxicology Resource.

Richard Judson1, Ann Richard, David Dix

  • 1National Center for Computational Toxicology, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 109 T.W. Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA. judson.richard@epa.gov

Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology
|August 2, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

ACToR centralizes environmental chemical data from over 150 sources. This Aggregated Computational Toxicology Resource supports high-throughput screening and prioritization programs like ToxCast.

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Last Updated: Jul 3, 2026

High Content Screening Analysis to Evaluate the Toxicological Effects of Harmful and Potentially Harmful Constituents (HPHC)
11:38

High Content Screening Analysis to Evaluate the Toxicological Effects of Harmful and Potentially Harmful Constituents (HPHC)

Published on: May 10, 2016

A High-throughput Assay for the Prediction of Chemical Toxicity by Automated Phenotypic Profiling of Caenorhabditis elegans
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A High-throughput Assay for the Prediction of Chemical Toxicity by Automated Phenotypic Profiling of Caenorhabditis elegans

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A Data Integration Workflow to Identify Drug Combinations Targeting Synthetic Lethal Interactions
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A Data Integration Workflow to Identify Drug Combinations Targeting Synthetic Lethal Interactions

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Science
  • Toxicology
  • Bioinformatics

Background:

  • Environmental chemical data is fragmented across numerous sources.
  • Managing and integrating diverse toxicological data presents a significant challenge.
  • Computational toxicology requires comprehensive, accessible chemical datasets.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce the Aggregated Computational Toxicology Resource (ACToR) database and software.
  • To describe ACToR's role in consolidating environmental chemical information.
  • To highlight ACToR's utility in computational toxicology and chemical screening.

Main Methods:

  • Data aggregation from over 150 governmental, academic, and organizational sources.
  • Integration of chemical structure, in vitro bioassay, and in vivo toxicology data.
  • Development of software applications to manage and access the aggregated data.

Main Results:

  • ACToR provides a centralized repository for diverse chemical toxicology information.
  • The database includes data from major agencies like EPA, FDA, NIH, CDC, WHO, and international bodies.
  • ACToR facilitates the management of large datasets for programs such as EPA's ToxCast.

Conclusions:

  • ACToR serves as a valuable resource for environmental chemical data.
  • The integrated database supports computational toxicology research and regulatory efforts.
  • ACToR enhances the efficiency of chemical screening and prioritization processes.