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Pattern of pediatric HIV/AIDS: a five-year experience in a tertiary hospital

Ben Onankpa1, Lydia Airede, Ibitoye Paul

  • 1Department of Paediatrics, Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital, Sokoto, Sokoto State, Nigeria. benonankpa@yahoo.com

Journal of the National Medical Association
|August 5, 2008
PubMed

Insights

Mother-to-child transmission of HIV remains high in Nigerian children, contributing significantly to pediatric HIV/AIDS morbidity and mortality. Strengthening prevention of mother-to-child transmission and child protection against sexual abuse is crucial.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric infectious diseases
  • Public health
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Pediatric HIV/AIDS presents a significant public health challenge globally.
  • Understanding transmission, clinical presentation, and outcomes is vital for effective management.
  • Nigeria faces a substantial burden of childhood HIV/AIDS.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the mode of transmission, clinical presentation, and outcomes of pediatric HIV/AIDS.
  • To analyze data from Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital (UDUTH), Sokoto, Nigeria.
  • To inform public health strategies for prevention and care.

Main Methods:

  • A five-year retrospective study (January 2001-December 2005) of pediatric patients.
  • Screening based on World Health Organization criteria.
  • HIV confirmation using ELISA and Western blot assays.

Main Results:

  • 8.3% of admitted children had HIV/AIDS, with a 36.3% mortality rate within this group.
  • Mother-to-child transmission was the predominant route (94.5%).
  • Common clinical features included fever, diarrhea, and respiratory infections; septicemia and ARTI were leading causes of death.

Conclusions:

  • Mother-to-child transmission of HIV is a persistent issue in the study area.
  • Pediatric HIV/AIDS significantly contributes to childhood morbidity and mortality.
  • Enhanced prevention of mother-to-child transmission programs and child protection advocacy are urgently needed.
Abstract

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