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HCV and autoimmunity.

S Ferri1, L Muratori, M Lenzi

  • 1Institute of Liver Studies, King's College School of Medicine at King's College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London, UK.

Current Pharmaceutical Design
|August 5, 2008
PubMed
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Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection can trigger autoimmune diseases in susceptible individuals. This review examines how HCV lowers B cell thresholds, infects lymphocytes, and causes molecular mimicry, leading to autoimmune manifestations and the impact of antiviral treatments.

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Virology
  • Hepatology

Background:

  • Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is linked to various autoimmune conditions.
  • These include autoantibody production, cryoglobulinemia, and thyroid disorders.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To critically analyze the mechanisms underlying HCV-induced autoimmune manifestations in genetically predisposed individuals.
  • To review the evidence for viral effects on B cell activation, lymphocyte infection, and molecular mimicry.
  • To discuss HCV-related clinical immunopathological findings and the impact of antiviral therapy.

Main Methods:

  • Critical analysis of existing literature.
  • Examination of evidence implicating HCV in immune dysregulation.
  • Review of clinical immunopathological manifestations and treatment effects.

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Main Results:

  • HCV may lower the B cell activation threshold.
  • Direct infection of lymphocytes by HCV is a potential mechanism.
  • Molecular mimicry can induce self-reactivity.

Conclusions:

  • HCV infection can precipitate autoimmune disorders through multiple mechanisms.
  • Understanding these mechanisms is crucial for managing HCV-related autoimmunity.
  • Antiviral treatment may influence these immunopathological manifestations.