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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 3, 2026

Validation of Nanobody and Antibody Based In Vivo Tumor Xenograft NIRF-imaging Experiments in Mice Using Ex Vivo Flow Cytometry and Microscopy

Validation of Nanobody and Antibody Based In Vivo Tumor Xenograft NIRF-imaging Experiments in Mice Using Ex Vivo Flow Cytometry and Microscopy

Published on: April 6, 2015

From immunotoxins to immunoRNases.

Claudia De Lorenzo¹, Giuseppe D'Alessio

¹Department of Structural and Functional Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cintia, 80126 Naples, Italy.

Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology

|August 5, 2008

Summary

ImmunoRNases, a novel class of targeted cancer therapies, utilize non-toxic RNase instead of toxins to selectively kill tumor cells. This approach aims to overcome the toxicity and immunogenicity issues associated with traditional immunotoxins.

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Validation of Nanobody and Antibody Based In Vivo Tumor Xenograft NIRF-imaging Experiments in Mice Using Ex Vivo Flow Cytometry and Microscopy

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Quantification of Immunostained Caspase-9 in Retinal Tissue

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Published on: July 25, 2022

Area of Science:

Biotechnology
Oncology
Molecular Biology

Background:

Immunotoxins, combining toxins with antibodies, target tumor cells via tumor-associated antigens (TAAs).
Clinical application of immunotoxins is limited by toxicity and immunogenicity.
The 'magic bullet' concept, proposed by Paul Ehrlich, inspired targeted cell killing.

Purpose of the Study:

To introduce immunoRNases (IRs) as a safer alternative to immunotoxins.
To explore the potential of IRs in targeted cancer therapy.
To address challenges of toxicity and immunogenicity in targeted therapeutics.

Main Methods:

Replacing the toxic moiety of immunotoxins with a non-toxic Ribonuclease (RNase).
Utilizing antibodies targeting specific cell-surface tumor-associated antigens (TAAs).
Designing IRs with human RNase and antibody fragments to minimize immunogenicity.

Main Results:

ImmunoRNases act as immuno-pro-toxins, selectively targeting TAA-expressing cells.
Internalized RNase moiety degrades cellular RNA, leading to targeted cell death.
Human-derived IRs show potential for reduced toxicity and immunogenicity.

Conclusions:

ImmunoRNases represent a promising strategy for targeted cancer therapy.
This approach offers a safer alternative to conventional immunotoxins.
Strategies to overcome RNase inhibitor activity are crucial for efficacy.