Breathing pattern and occlusion pressure waveform in humans anesthetized with halothane or sevoflurane

To examine the ventilatory effects of sevoflurane, breathing pattern, airway occlusion pressure waveform, and the mechanical variables of the respiratory system were determined in seven subjects anesthetized with sevoflurane and in an additional seven subjects anesthetized with halothane. All patients breathed 1 MAC of anesthetic using oxygen as the carrier gas, and the measurements were performed in the absence of surgical stimulation. The durations of inspiration and expiration were significantly longer during sevoflurane than during halothane administration. Tidal volumes were larger in the sevoflurane group than in the halothane group. Occlusion pressure waveforms were also markedly different between the two groups. Occlusion pressure during the initial 300-400 ms tended to be less in the sevoflurane-anesthetized than in the halothane-anesthetized subjects. There was no evidence of an active Hering-Breuer reflex with either anesthetic. Mechanical variables of the respiratory system were essentially identical between the two anesthetics. We conclude that (a) the ventilatory effects of halothane and sevoflurane are different, (b) the difference in the respiratory timing and depth of breathing originates from the action of the anesthetics on the central respiratory neural network, and (c) the different shape of the tracheal occlusion pressure may be largely due to the different effects of halothane and sevoflurane on the muscles of the rib cage.