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Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Spinal Anesthesia

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Spinal Anesthesia

Spinal anesthetics are given during lower abdomen and limb surgeries to block sensory and motor neurons. They are administered in the mid to low lumbar regions, primarily acting on the cauda equina's nerve roots. The blockade level depends on the local anesthetic (LA) concentration. Usually, low LA concentrations are sufficient to block sensory fibers, while only high LA concentrations block motor fibers. Other factors like injection volume and speed, the patient's posture, and the drug...

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Intravenous Regional Anesthesia

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Intravenous Regional Anesthesia

Intravenous regional anesthesia or the Bier block technique is used to anesthetize a specific limb or extremity. It uses exsanguinated or blood-drained vessels to transport local anesthetics or LAs to the peripheral nerve trunks. Lidocaine without vasoconstrictors like epinephrine is most commonly used for this technique. Other drugs used are prilocaine, ropivacaine, and chloroprocaine. Bupivacaine is not recommended for this technique due to its high cardiac toxicity.
One of the advantages of...

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Surface, Infiltration, and Conduction Block Anesthesia

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Surface, Infiltration, and Conduction Block Anesthesia

Depending on the target organ, local anesthetics (LAs) can be administered via various routes. In surface anesthesia, LAs are applied directly to the surface of the skin or mucous membranes. It is widely used for topical skin numbing before venipuncture or minor surgical procedures. Commonly used surface local anesthetics are lidocaine or benzocaine sprays or creams. Surface anesthesia occurs within 5 minutes and lasts for about 60 minutes. One of the main disadvantages of topical anesthesia is...

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Epidural Anesthesia

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Epidural Anesthesia

Epidural anesthetics are administered in the fat-filled epidural space, the outermost part of the spinal canal. This technique is commonly employed for pain management and anesthesia during lower abdomen and pelvis surgeries or labor and delivery.
Since epidural anesthetics can be infused through an epidural catheter, all types of drugs, including short-acting ones, can be administered. Chloroprocaine and lidocaine are examples of short and long-duration anesthetics, respectively. Bupivacaine...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 3, 2026

Efficacy of Fu's Subcutaneous Needling on Sciatic Nerve Pain: Behavioral and Electrophysiological Changes in a Chronic Constriction Injury Rat Model

Efficacy of Fu's Subcutaneous Needling on Sciatic Nerve Pain: Behavioral and Electrophysiological Changes in a Chronic Constriction Injury Rat Model

Published on: June 30, 2023

[Continuous sciatic nerve block].

Maria Lurdes Castro¹, Teresa Rocha

¹Serviço de Anestesiologia, Hospital de Santo António dos Capuchos, Lisboa.

Acta Medica Portuguesa

|August 5, 2008

Summary

Continuous sciatic nerve blocks provide effective pain relief for orthopedic surgery in patients with special needs. This approach minimizes side effects, enabling faster recovery and return to familiar environments.

Area of Science:

Anesthesiology
Orthopedic Surgery
Pain Management

Background:

Perioperative pain management involves addressing central sensitization with opioids and peripheral nociceptive stimuli via nerve blocks.
Peripheral nerve blocks, particularly in orthopedic surgery, offer advantages in pain relief and early patient mobilization.

Observation:

A case study involving a 14-year-old girl with Hyperactivity Syndrome and Mental Retardation undergoing club foot corrective surgery.
A continuous sciatic nerve block (popliteal approach) was administered for anesthesia and perioperative analgesia.

Findings:

The continuous sciatic block provided effective perioperative analgesia.
This method resulted in minimal side effects for the patient.

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Partial Sciatic Nerve Ligation: A Mouse Model of Chronic Neuropathic Pain to Study the Antinociceptive Effect of Novel Therapies

Partial Sciatic Nerve Ligation: A Mouse Model of Chronic Neuropathic Pain to Study the Antinociceptive Effect of Novel Therapies

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Chronic Constriction of the Sciatic Nerve and Pain Hypersensitivity Testing in Rats

Chronic Constriction of the Sciatic Nerve and Pain Hypersensitivity Testing in Rats

Published on: March 13, 2012

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 3, 2026

Efficacy of Fu's Subcutaneous Needling on Sciatic Nerve Pain: Behavioral and Electrophysiological Changes in a Chronic Constriction Injury Rat Model

Efficacy of Fu's Subcutaneous Needling on Sciatic Nerve Pain: Behavioral and Electrophysiological Changes in a Chronic Constriction Injury Rat Model

Published on: June 30, 2023

Partial Sciatic Nerve Ligation: A Mouse Model of Chronic Neuropathic Pain to Study the Antinociceptive Effect of Novel Therapies

Partial Sciatic Nerve Ligation: A Mouse Model of Chronic Neuropathic Pain to Study the Antinociceptive Effect of Novel Therapies

Published on: October 6, 2022

Chronic Constriction of the Sciatic Nerve and Pain Hypersensitivity Testing in Rats

Chronic Constriction of the Sciatic Nerve and Pain Hypersensitivity Testing in Rats

Published on: March 13, 2012

Implications:

Continuous sciatic blocks are a viable option for effective pain management in complex orthopedic cases.
This technique facilitates a quicker return to the patient's familiar environment post-surgery.