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Related Concept Videos

Anatomy of the Genitourinary System II: Bladder and Urethra01:19

Anatomy of the Genitourinary System II: Bladder and Urethra

The lower urinary system consists of the urinary bladder and urethra, which are essential in storing and expelling urine from the body. Together with the internal and external sphincters, these structures work together to regulate urination effectively.Anatomy of the BladderThe urinary bladder is a muscular, stretchable organ behind the pubic bone and in front of the rectum. In females, the bladder is positioned anterior to the vagina and inferior to the uterus, while in males, it is located...
Urinary Bladder01:23

Urinary Bladder

The urinary bladder is a hollow, muscular sac that temporarily stores urine before it is expelled from the body. It can hold approximately 600 mL of urine prior to micturition. The bladder is retroperitoneal and located behind the pubic symphysis in the pelvic floor.
In males, the bladder is situated in front of the rectum, while in females, it is positioned anterior to the vagina and uterus. The bladder floor contains an inverted triangular area called the trigone, defined by the two ureteric...
Urologic Endoscopic Procedure: Cystoscopic Examination01:28

Urologic Endoscopic Procedure: Cystoscopic Examination

Meaning of Cystoscopic Examination:Cystoscopy is an essential diagnostic tool in urology that is used to assess the structure and function of the genitourinary system. It provides a direct view of the urethra, bladder, and, in some cases, the ureteral openings. This procedure helps detect structural abnormalities, infections, cancers, and blockages in the urinary tract. There are two types of cystoscopy:Flexible cystoscopy is commonly performed in outpatient settings due to its less invasive...
Imaging Studies VI: Voiding Cystourethrography and Cystography01:22

Imaging Studies VI: Voiding Cystourethrography and Cystography

Voiding Cystourethrography (VCUG) and Cystography are specialized radiographic procedures used to examine the structure and function of the bladder and urethra.Voiding Cystourethrography (VCUG)A Voiding Cystourethrogram (VCUG) is a diagnostic imaging procedure that assesses the anatomy and function of the lower urinary tract. It focuses on the bladder, bladder neck, and urethra, helping detect abnormalities such as vesicoureteral reflux (VUR)—the backward or reverse flow of urine into the...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 3, 2026

Evaluation of Biomaterials for Bladder Augmentation using Cystometric Analyses in Various Rodent Models
10:19

Evaluation of Biomaterials for Bladder Augmentation using Cystometric Analyses in Various Rodent Models

Published on: August 9, 2012

Overview of bladder exstrophy: a third world perspective.

Rinus Wiersma1

  • 1Department of Paediatric Surgery, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Congella 4013, KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa. rinuswie@ialch.co.za

Journal of Pediatric Surgery
|August 5, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Bladder exstrophy management in Third World settings presents significant challenges. Early detection and treatment are crucial for improving outcomes and addressing urinary incontinence in affected children.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 3, 2026

Evaluation of Biomaterials for Bladder Augmentation using Cystometric Analyses in Various Rodent Models
10:19

Evaluation of Biomaterials for Bladder Augmentation using Cystometric Analyses in Various Rodent Models

Published on: August 9, 2012

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Surgery
  • Urology
  • Global Health

Background:

  • Bladder exstrophy is a rare congenital condition with profound implications for patients in resource-limited environments.
  • The challenges are amplified in Third World settings due to socioeconomic factors.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To retrospectively analyze the management and outcomes of bladder exstrophy patients in a Third World environment.
  • To identify factors influencing prognosis and suggest improvements.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective study of 57 patients managed between 1983 and 2006.
  • Review included home environment, clinical presentation, treatment, and short-term outcomes.
  • Data analyzed on referral timing, associated anomalies, mortality, and long-term complaints.

Main Results:

  • Overall mortality was 42%.
  • Urinary incontinence was the primary long-term issue, impacting schooling and social life.
  • Associated congenital anomalies were present in 32% of patients.

Conclusions:

  • Bladder exstrophy in impoverished environments is associated with a poor prognosis.
  • Congenital abnormalities and environmental factors significantly worsen outcomes.
  • Antenatal screening, prompt referral, and achieving urinary continence are key to improving care.