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Toxicity Testing in Animals

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Toxicity tests in animals are grounded on two main assumptions: first, the effects observed in laboratory animals can be extrapolated to humans, especially when adjusted for body surface area; second, high-dose exposure in animals is essential to identify potential human hazards from lower doses. This is based on the quantal dose-response concept, which faces the challenge of extrapolating results from relatively few test animals to much larger human populations. For example, a 0.01% incidence...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 3, 2026

In Silico Modeling Method for Computational Aquatic Toxicology of Endocrine Disruptors: A Software-Based Approach Using QSAR Toolbox

In Silico Modeling Method for Computational Aquatic Toxicology of Endocrine Disruptors: A Software-Based Approach Using QSAR Toolbox

Published on: August 28, 2019

Databases applicable to quantitative hazard/risk assessment--towards a predictive systems toxicology.

Michael Waters¹, Marcus Jackson

¹ILS, Inc., P.O. Box 13501, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA. mwaters@ils-inc.com

Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology

|August 5, 2008

Summary

This study reviews the development and application of several key toxicity databases, including EPA Gene-Tox, GAP, TAP, GAC, and CEBS, for hazard identification and risk assessment. These aggregated datasets enhance toxicological data and inform regulatory decision-making.

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In Silico Modeling Method for Computational Aquatic Toxicology of Endocrine Disruptors: A Software-Based Approach Using QSAR Toolbox

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Demonstration of the Sequence Alignment to Predict Across Species Susceptibility Tool for Rapid Assessment of Protein Conservation

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Applying Cheminformatics to Develop a Structure Searchable Database of Analytical Methods

Applying Cheminformatics to Develop a Structure Searchable Database of Analytical Methods

Published on: June 6, 2025

Area of Science:

Toxicology
Environmental Health
Bioinformatics

Background:

Quantitative hazard and risk assessment requires robust, distributed databases.
Existing databases have evolved to incorporate diverse toxicological data types.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the development and application of several federal-supported toxicity databases.
To highlight the utility of aggregated datasets for enhancing toxicological information.

Main Methods:

Development of the EPA Gene-Tox Database for mutagen detection.
Creation of the EPA/IARC Genetic Activity Profile (GAP) Database for carcinogen classification.
Construction of the NIEHS Genetic Alterations in Cancer (GAC) and CEBS Knowledgebase.

Main Results:

The EPA Gene-Tox Database facilitated collaborative evaluation of short-term tests.
The GAP Database has been instrumental in hazard classification of potential human carcinogens.
The GAC and CEBS Knowledgebase integrate genomic and dose-response data for comprehensive analysis.

Conclusions:

Aggregating data from these diverse databases significantly augments toxicological information.
These resources are crucial for advancing hazard identification and risk assessment.
The presented databases support regulatory decision-making in environmental health.