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Related Concept Videos

Immunodeficiency Diseases01:25

Immunodeficiency Diseases

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Graves' Disease I: Introduction

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Colorimetric Assessment of Deiodinase 1 Activity in Human Liver Microsomes Using the Sandell-Kolthoff Reaction
08:00

Colorimetric Assessment of Deiodinase 1 Activity in Human Liver Microsomes Using the Sandell-Kolthoff Reaction

Published on: April 10, 2026

Iodine-deficiency disorders.

Michael B Zimmermann1, Pieter L Jooste, Chandrakant S Pandav

  • 1Laboratory for Human Nutrition, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.

Lancet (London, England)
|August 5, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Iodine deficiency affects 2 billion people globally, causing preventable mental impairment. Salt iodization is a cost-effective solution, but international efforts are slowing, posing challenges to global health.

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Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Endocrinology
  • Global Health

Background:

  • Iodine deficiency affects 2 billion individuals worldwide, particularly in South Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa.
  • Iodine deficiency disorders (IDD) result from inadequate thyroid hormone production, leading to adverse effects on growth and development.
  • IDD is the leading cause of preventable mental impairment globally.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize the global impact of iodine deficiency.
  • To review assessment methods for iodine deficiency.
  • To discuss strategies for controlling iodine deficiency and associated challenges.

Main Methods:

  • Review of global iodine intake data.
  • Summary of established assessment methods: urinary iodine concentration, goitre, newborn thyroid-stimulating hormone, and blood thyroglobulin.
  • Analysis of salt iodization as a primary intervention strategy.

Main Results:

  • Salt iodization is the most cost-effective strategy for controlling iodine deficiency in most countries.
  • Iodine supplements are an alternative for susceptible groups when salt iodization is not feasible.
  • While introducing iodized salt may transiently increase thyroid disorders, the risks of iodine excess are minimal compared to the substantial risks of deficiency.

Conclusions:

  • Salt iodization remains the cornerstone of global efforts to combat iodine deficiency disorders.
  • International initiatives to control IDD are decelerating, hindering progress in reaching deficient populations.
  • Addressing the remaining iodine deficiency challenges requires renewed global commitment and strategic interventions.