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Related Concept Videos

Membrane Asymmetry Regulating Transporters01:19

Membrane Asymmetry Regulating Transporters

Enzymes like flippase, floppase, and scramblase transfer phospholipids from one layer to another in the membrane, thereby affecting membrane asymmetry.
Flippase
Eukaryotic flippases are type-IV P-type ATPases or P4-ATPases belonging to P-type ATPase family proteins that are membrane-bound pumps involved in the ATP-mediated transport of ions and molecules across the membrane. Flippases flip specific phospholipids from the outer to the inner leaflet of a membrane. All P4-ATPases have one...
Membrane Proteins01:30

Membrane Proteins

Plasma membranes have integral transmembrane proteins involved in facilitated transport. These proteins are collectively referred to as transport proteins, and they function as either channels for the material or as carriers themselves. Channel proteins have hydrophilic domains exposed to the intracellular and extracellular fluids and a hydrophilic channel through their core that provides a hydrated opening for solutes to pass through the membrane layers. Passage through the channel allows...
ABC Transporters: Exporter01:31

ABC Transporters: Exporter

ATP-binding cassette or ABC transporter is the largest superfamily of integral membrane proteins. The transporters have transmembrane-binding domains (TMDs) and nucleotide-binding domains (NBDs). The TMDs are specific to their substrates, whereas the NBDs are similar to engines that complete ATP hydrolysis to complete the substrate transport. They can be full transporters consisting of two TMDs and NBDs, half transporters with one TMD and NBD, while some encoded with a single TMD or NBD are...
Carrier-Mediated Transport01:06

Carrier-Mediated Transport

Carrier-mediated transport is a pivotal process in drug absorption, particularly for lipid-insoluble drugs, and encompasses facilitated diffusion and active transport. Facilitated diffusion allows drugs to move along their concentration gradient without energy expenditure, while active transport utilizes ATP to drive drug movement against this gradient.
Active transport involves two types of membrane-spanning transporters: uptake and efflux. Uptake transporters are expressed in the small...
Membrane Transporters01:31

Membrane Transporters

Transporters are essential membrane transport proteins with functions related to cell nutrition, homeostasis, communication, etc. Approximately 7% of all genes in the human genome code for transporters or transporter-related proteins.
Transporters are mainly composed of alpha-helices, built from bundles of ten or more helices traversing the plasma membrane. The solute-binding sites are located midway, where some of the helices are broken or distorted, making space for the binding site through...
The Significance of Membrane Transport01:44

The Significance of Membrane Transport

The transport of solutes across the cell membrane is essential for metabolic processes, like maintaining cell size and volume, generating the action potential, exchanging nutrients and gases, etc. Membrane transport can be either passive or active. It can be simple diffusion, facilitated, or mediated transport aided by transport proteins such as transporters and channels.
Transporters facilitate either an active or passive movement of solutes. They can allow a single-molecule transport down its...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 3, 2026

Measuring Cation Transport by Na,K- and H,K-ATPase in Xenopus Oocytes by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry: An Alternative to Radioisotope Assays
12:48

Measuring Cation Transport by Na,K- and H,K-ATPase in Xenopus Oocytes by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry: An Alternative to Radioisotope Assays

Published on: February 19, 2013

AtCHX13 is a plasma membrane K+ transporter.

Jian Zhao1, Ning-Hui Cheng, Christy M Motes

  • 1United States Department of Agriculture/Agricultural Research Service Children's Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.

Plant Physiology
|August 5, 2008
PubMed
Summary

AtCHX13 facilitates potassium (K+) uptake in plants, crucial for growth. This transporter functions even under K+ deficiency, aiding plant survival in low-nutrient environments.

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Functional Characterization of Na+/H+ Exchangers of Intracellular Compartments Using Proton-killing Selection to Express Them at the Plasma Membrane
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A Proteoliposome-Based Efflux Assay to Determine Single-molecule Properties of Cl- Channels and Transporters
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A Proteoliposome-Based Efflux Assay to Determine Single-molecule Properties of Cl- Channels and Transporters

Published on: April 20, 2015

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 3, 2026

Measuring Cation Transport by Na,K- and H,K-ATPase in Xenopus Oocytes by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry: An Alternative to Radioisotope Assays
12:48

Measuring Cation Transport by Na,K- and H,K-ATPase in Xenopus Oocytes by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry: An Alternative to Radioisotope Assays

Published on: February 19, 2013

Functional Characterization of Na+/H+ Exchangers of Intracellular Compartments Using Proton-killing Selection to Express Them at the Plasma Membrane
07:38

Functional Characterization of Na+/H+ Exchangers of Intracellular Compartments Using Proton-killing Selection to Express Them at the Plasma Membrane

Published on: March 30, 2015

A Proteoliposome-Based Efflux Assay to Determine Single-molecule Properties of Cl- Channels and Transporters
07:47

A Proteoliposome-Based Efflux Assay to Determine Single-molecule Properties of Cl- Channels and Transporters

Published on: April 20, 2015

Area of Science:

  • Plant Biology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Potassium (K+) homeostasis is vital for cellular functions, growth, and development.
  • The precise mechanisms of K+ transport and the roles of cation transporters, like cation:proton antiporters (CHX), are not fully understood.
  • Many CHX family members in plants, including Arabidopsis thaliana, remain uncharacterized regarding their function.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of the Arabidopsis thaliana cation:proton antiporter 13 (AtCHX13) in potassium (K+) acquisition and homeostasis.
  • To characterize the K+ transport activity and localization of AtCHX13.
  • To determine the physiological significance of AtCHX13 in plant responses to K+ availability.

Main Methods:

  • Functional analysis of AtCHX13 in yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) mutant cells defective in K+ uptake.
  • Radiotracer uptake experiments using 86Rb+ to quantify K+ transport kinetics (K(m)) in yeast and plant cells.
  • Localization studies using green fluorescent protein (GFP)-tagged AtCHX13 in yeast and plant cells.
  • Phenotypic analysis of Arabidopsis thaliana null chx13 mutants and AtCHX13 overexpressing lines under K+ deficiency.

Main Results:

  • AtCHX13 successfully suppressed K+ uptake defects in yeast mutant cells.
  • Uptake experiments revealed that AtCHX13 mediates high-affinity K+ uptake with K(m) values of 136 µM in yeast and 196 µM in plant cells.
  • GFP-tagged AtCHX13 localized to the plasma membrane in both yeast and plant cells.
  • Arabidopsis seedlings lacking AtCHX13 (null chx13 mutants) exhibited sensitivity to K+ deficiency, while AtCHX13 overexpression conferred tolerance.
  • AtCHX13 expression was upregulated in plant roots under K+-deficient conditions.

Conclusions:

  • AtCHX13 functions as a plasma membrane transporter mediating relatively high-affinity K+ uptake in plants.
  • This transporter plays a significant role in plant K+ acquisition, particularly under conditions of environmental K+ limitation.
  • AtCHX13 is a key component in maintaining K+ homeostasis and promoting plant growth and survival when K+ is scarce.