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Related Concept Videos

Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells01:13

Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce different types of cells. Ordinarily, cells that have differentiated into a specific cell type are post-mitotic—that is, they no longer divide. However, scientists have found a way to reprogram these mature cells so that they “de-differentiate” and return to an unspecialized, proliferative state. These cells are also pluripotent like embryonic stem cells—able to produce all cell types—and are therefore called induced pluripotent stem...
Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells01:06

Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce different cell types. Ordinarily, cells that have differentiated into a specific cell type are terminally differentiated; however, scientists have found a way to reprogram these mature cells so that they dedifferentiate and return to an unspecialized, proliferative state. These cells are pluripotent like embryonic stem cells—able to produce all cell types—and are called induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs).
Somatic cells are...
Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells01:13

Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce different types of cells. Ordinarily, cells that have differentiated into a specific cell type are post-mitotic—that is, they no longer divide. However, scientists have found a way to reprogram these mature cells so that they “de-differentiate” and return to an unspecialized, proliferative state. These cells are also pluripotent like embryonic stem cells—able to produce all cell types—and are therefore called induced pluripotent stem...
Source And Potency Of Stem Cells01:27

Source And Potency Of Stem Cells

Stem cells are undifferentiated cells with extensive self-renewal properties that help them maintain their population during the fetal and adult stages of life. They can specialize in all cell types of the human body. However, their differential potential may vary and can be classified into five types. Stem cells can be (1) Totipotent, (2) Pluripotent, (3) Multipotent, (4) Oligopotent, and (5) Unipotent. Each stem cell has a specific origin; the fertilized egg or zygote is a totipotent cell and...
Embryonic Stem Cells00:58

Embryonic Stem Cells

Embryonic stem (ES) cells are undifferentiated pluripotent cells, meaning they can produce any cell type in the body. This gives them tremendous potential in science and medicine since they can generate specific cell types for use in research or to replace body cells lost due to damage or disease.
Embryonic Stem Cells00:57

Embryonic Stem Cells

Embryonic stem (ES) cells were first discovered in mice in 1981 by Martin Evans. In 1998, James Thomson identified a method to isolate embryonic stem cells from humans. Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) are obtained from 3-5 day old embryos that remain unused after an in vitro fertilization procedure.
ES cells are grown in a culture medium where they can divide indefinitely, creating ES cell lines. Under certain conditions, ES cells can differentiate, either spontaneously into a variety of...

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Reprogramming Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell Lines from Frozen Buffy Coat Samples
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Reprogramming Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell Lines from Frozen Buffy Coat Samples

Published on: April 10, 2026

Pluripotent stem cell lines.

Junying Yu1, James A Thomson

  • 1Genome Center of Wisconsin, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA.

Genes & Development
|August 5, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Human embryonic stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells offer powerful tools for regenerative medicine and disease research. This review compares these pluripotent cell types, highlighting their origins and applications.

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Area of Science:

  • Stem cell biology
  • Developmental biology
  • Regenerative medicine

Background:

  • Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) emerged from decades of research on mouse models.
  • Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) were developed based on knowledge of hESCs.
  • Both hESCs and iPSCs possess self-renewal and differentiation capabilities.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the family of pluripotent cell lines derived from early embryos and germ cells.
  • To compare embryonic stem cells with induced pluripotent stem cells.
  • To highlight the utility of pluripotent cells in research and therapy.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of pluripotent cell derivation and characterization.
  • Comparative analysis of hESCs, mouse ESCs, and iPSCs.
  • Discussion of applications in tissue engineering, drug screening, and transplantation.

Main Results:

  • hESCs and iPSCs can self-renew indefinitely in vitro.
  • Both cell types differentiate into derivatives of all three germ layers.
  • Pluripotent cells are valuable for understanding human tissue development and disease.

Conclusions:

  • Pluripotent stem cells, including hESCs and iPSCs, are critical tools in modern biology.
  • Their differentiation potential is key for therapeutic applications and disease modeling.
  • Continued research on pluripotent cells promises advancements in medicine.