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Related Concept Videos

Auditory Pathway01:15

Auditory Pathway

Auditory pathways constitute the complex neural circuits responsible for transmitting and interpreting auditory information from the peripheral auditory system to the brain. Sound waves are initially captured by the outer ear, funneled through the ear canal, and reach the tympanic membrane (eardrum). These vibrations are transmitted via the middle ear's ossicles to the inner ear's cochlea.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 3, 2026

Trace Fear Conditioning in Mice
07:02

Trace Fear Conditioning in Mice

Published on: March 20, 2014

Auditory trace fear conditioning requires perirhinal cortex.

D B Kholodar-Smith1, P Boguszewski, T H Brown

  • 1Departments of Psychology, Yale University, 2 Hillhouse Ave, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.

Neurobiology of Learning and Memory
|August 6, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The perirhinal cortex (PR) is crucial for trace fear conditioning, impacting learning for auditory cues and context. PR damage significantly impairs this form of fear memory in rats.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Behavioral Neuroscience
  • Learning and Memory

Background:

  • The hippocampus is vital for trace fear conditioning.
  • The role of the perirhinal cortex (PR), which connects to the hippocampus, in trace fear conditioning is unknown.
  • Previous studies show PR damage affects delay fear conditioning differently based on auditory cue type.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the necessity of the perirhinal cortex (PR) for trace auditory fear conditioning.
  • To determine if PR function is essential for learning associations between auditory cues and aversive outcomes in a trace conditioning paradigm.

Main Methods:

  • Neurotoxic lesions targeting the perirhinal cortex (PR) were created in rats using N-methyl-D-aspartate injections.
  • Trace auditory fear conditioning was assessed using a 16s trace interval between conditioned stimulus (CS) offset and unconditioned stimulus (US) onset.
  • Freezing behavior, indicative of fear conditioning, was quantified using automated video analysis.

Main Results:

  • Rats with perirhinal cortex (PR) lesions showed profound impairment in trace fear conditioning to various auditory cues (USV, tone pips, continuous tone).
  • PR damage also significantly impaired conditioning to the training context.
  • The type of auditory cue did not influence the impairment observed in PR-lesioned rats.

Conclusions:

  • The perirhinal cortex (PR) is essential for successful trace auditory fear conditioning, including contextual conditioning.
  • The findings suggest a role for the PR in trace fear conditioning that may differ from its known perceptual functions.
  • This study elucidates critical neural circuitry involved in auditory trace fear conditioning.