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Surface emission from episide-down short distributed-feedback quantum cascade lasers.

Stephan Schartner1, Maximilian Austerer, Werner Schrenk

  • 1Center for Micro- and Nanostructures, Vienna University of Technology, Floragasse 7, 1040 Vienna, Austria. Stephan.Schartner@tuwien.ac.at

Optics Express
|August 6, 2008
PubMed
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Distributed-feedback quantum cascade lasers show enhanced coupling using a shallow second-order grating. This design improves performance, achieving single-mode operation and high output power comparable to Fabry-Pérot devices.

Area of Science:

  • Optics and Photonics
  • Semiconductor Lasers
  • Quantum Cascade Lasers

Background:

  • Distributed-feedback (DFB) lasers are crucial for wavelength-specific applications.
  • Improving coupling efficiency in DFB quantum cascade lasers (QCLs) is key to enhancing device performance.
  • Surface-plasmon interactions offer potential for novel waveguide designs.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effect of a shallow second-order grating on coupling in DFB QCLs.
  • To optimize waveguide design for increased light-matter overlap and grating coupling.
  • To achieve high-performance single-mode DFB QCLs.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of DFB QCLs with a second-order grating positioned between a surface-plasmon layer and the active region.

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  • Implementation of an air-cladding and metallic layer waveguide structure.
  • Characterization of laser performance, including coupling coefficients, mode behavior, threshold current, and output power.

    • Main Results:

    • Observed increased coupling coefficients up to 100 cm(-1) due to the combined effect of air cladding and metallic layers.
    • Achieved single-mode operation with a side-mode-suppression-ratio of 20 dB for devices as short as 176 microm.
    • Reached threshold current densities of 10 kA/cm(2) and output powers exceeding 150 mW for 360 microm devices, comparable to Fabry-Pérot lasers.

    Conclusions:

    • The proposed DFB QCL design with a shallow second-order grating significantly enhances coupling efficiency.
    • The optimized waveguide structure enables high-performance, single-mode operation.
    • This approach offers a promising route for developing advanced QCLs with improved characteristics.