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Design Example

Design Example

The innovation of touch-tone telephony revolutionized the telecommunications industry by replacing the traditional rotary dial with a dual-tone multi-frequency (DTMF) signaling system. This system uses a matrix-style keypad with buttons arranged in four rows and three columns, creating 12 distinct signals each assigned to a pair of frequencies. Each button press results in a simultaneous generation of two sinusoidal tones – one from a low-frequency group (697 to 941 Hz) and one from a...

Characteristics of Series Resonant Circuit

Characteristics of Series Resonant Circuit

Series resonance occurs in a circuit containing inductive (L), capacitive (C), and resistive (R) elements connected sequentially. At the resonance frequency, the inductive and capacitive reactances are equal in magnitude but opposite in sign, effectively canceling each other. This causes the circuit's impedance is minimal, primarily determined by the resistance R. The resonant frequency of an RLC circuit is defined as:

Double Resonance Techniques: Overview

Double Resonance Techniques: Overview

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Concept of Resonance and its Characteristics

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Parallel Resonance

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The parallel RLC circuit is an arrangement where the resistor (R), inductor (L), and capacitor (C) are all connected to the same nodes and, as a result, share the same voltage across them. The parallel RLC circuit is analyzed in terms of admittance (Y), which reflects the ease with which current can flow. The admittance is given by:

Series Resonance

Series Resonance

The RLC circuit impedance is defined as the ratio of the supply voltage to the circuit current. Resonance in such a circuit occurs when the imaginary part of this impedance equals zero. This specific condition means that the inductive reactance is exactly equal to the capacitive reactance. The frequency at which this happens is known as the resonant frequency. Mathematically, the resonant frequency is inversely proportional to the square root of the product of the inductance (L) and capacitance...

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Microwave Photonics Systems Based on Whispering-gallery-mode Resonators

Microwave Photonics Systems Based on Whispering-gallery-mode Resonators

Published on: August 5, 2013

Design of resonance grating coupler.

Shogo Ura¹, Shunsuke Murata, Yasuhiro Awatsuji

¹Department of Electronics, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan. ura@kit.ac.jp

|August 6, 2008

Summary

A novel integrated-optic coupler achieves 100% vertical light coupling from waveguides to free space. This grating coupler, using a resonant cavity, efficiently radiates guided waves through a small aperture.

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Area of Science:

Photonics and Optics
Integrated Optics
Waveguide Technology

Background:

Efficiently coupling guided waves to free-space radiation is crucial for optical sensing and communication.
Existing methods often suffer from low efficiency, high loss, or bulky designs.
Vertical coupling from planar waveguides presents unique challenges.

Purpose of the Study:

To propose and theoretically analyze a novel integrated-optic coupler for efficient vertical coupling.
To design a coupler that eliminates transmission and reflection of guided waves.
To achieve high-efficiency radiation into free space from a compact device.

Main Methods:

Theoretical design based on coupled mode analysis.
Cavity design incorporating a grating coupler and two distributed Bragg reflectors.
Numerical simulation using the finite difference time domain (FDTD) method.

Main Results:

The proposed coupler design eliminates transmission and reflection of the incident guided wave.
Achieved 100% radiation efficiency into free space.
Demonstrated efficient coupling through a several-micron aperture.

Conclusions:

The integrated-optic coupler effectively couples guided waves vertically to free space with high efficiency.
The resonant cavity design is key to achieving near-perfect radiation.
This technology holds promise for advanced photonic integrated circuits and applications.