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Related Concept Videos

Autobiographical Memory01:14

Autobiographical Memory

Autobiographical memory is a unique type of episodic memory that involves recollecting personal life experiences. It allows individuals to remember significant events from their past, creating a narrative of their lives. One interesting phenomenon related to autobiographical memory is the reminiscence bump. This effect refers to the tendency of adults to recall more events from their second and third decades of life — typically between ages 10 to 30 — than from other periods. This period is...
Traumatic Memory01:20

Traumatic Memory

Emotionally traumatic events often lead to memories that are exceptionally vivid and enduring, sometimes persisting with remarkable clarity throughout an individual's life. A classic example of this phenomenon is a person who survives a car accident. Even years later, they may recall every detail of the event with startling accuracy — the screeching of the tires, the jarring impact, and the acrid smell of burning rubber. Such vividness contrasts sharply with how an individual remembers mundane...
Flashbulb Memory01:16

Flashbulb Memory

A flashbulb memory is a highly vivid and detailed memory, often linked to events of significant emotional impact. These memories stand out in contrast to everyday memories due to their clarity and the precision with which they are recalled. The strong emotions associated with the event act as a catalyst, ensuring that specific details, such as one's location, actions, and even peripheral elements, are etched into memory with remarkable accuracy. For example, many people can vividly recall where...
Eyewitness Memory01:22

Eyewitness Memory

Eyewitness memory refers to the recollection of events by someone who has directly witnessed them, often serving as critical evidence in legal settings. This type of memory is commonly used in criminal cases where a witness describes details like a suspect's appearance, clothing, or behavior during a crime. However, despite its perceived reliability, eyewitness memory is prone to significant errors.
One such error is memory distortion, which occurs because human memory does not function like a...
Higher Mental Functions of Brain: Learning and Memory01:26

Higher Mental Functions of Brain: Learning and Memory

Memory is one of the most vital higher mental functions of the brain. Memory is closely related to learning because it enables us to retain information and experiences from our past to use them in our present life. It also helps us to remember facts, events, and skills, such as riding a bike or swimming. There are two types of memory — declarative memory, which involves memorizing facts or events, and procedural memory, which enables us to remember how to do something like writing or playing an...
Long-Term Memory01:18

Long-Term Memory

Long-term memory is a relatively permanent type of memory, capable of storing vast amounts of information over extended periods. Its storage capacity is generally considered unlimited.
Long-term memory can be categorized into two primary types: explicit and implicit memory. Explicit memory, also known as declarative memory, involves the conscious recollection of information that we deliberately try to remember, recall, and articulate. This type of memory encompasses specific facts, events, and...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 3, 2026

Examining Recall Memory in Infancy and Early Childhood Using the Elicited Imitation Paradigm
06:35

Examining Recall Memory in Infancy and Early Childhood Using the Elicited Imitation Paradigm

Published on: April 28, 2016

Post-event information affects children's autobiographical memory after one year.

Kamala London1, Maggie Bruck, Laura Melnyk

  • 1Department of Psychology/MS948, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606, USA. kamala.london@utoledo.edu

Law and Human Behavior
|August 6, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Children

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Area of Science:

  • Developmental Psychology
  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Childhood Memory Research

Background:

  • Children's memory is susceptible to post-event information (PEI).
  • Understanding the long-term effects of PEI on children's reports is crucial.
  • Previous research indicates varying persistence of PEI based on memory recall methods.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the persistence of true and false post-event information (PEI) in children's memory reports.
  • To examine how PEI influences children's recall and recognition memory over extended periods (up to 15 months).
  • To determine if misinformation and facilitation effects endure over time in children's memory.

Main Methods:

  • Two experiments involving children aged 4-9 years.
  • Exposure to post-event information (PEI) about experienced events.
  • Memory assessments using free recall and recognition tasks at various intervals (2 weeks, 10 months, 15 months).

Main Results:

  • PEI decreased in free recall over time but remained evident in recognition tasks.
  • Children demonstrated persistent facilitation and misinformation effects in recognition memory.
  • These effects were observed even after delays of approximately 1 year.

Conclusions:

  • True and false reminders significantly influence children's memory for experienced events.
  • Recognition memory tasks reveal a lasting impact of PEI on children's reports.
  • Children's memory is malleable, with post-event details affecting long-term recall and recognition.