Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Composition of Blood Plasma

Composition of Blood Plasma

Blood plasma is a fluid that contains approximately 92% water and 8% solutes. The solutes include various types of proteins, which constitute about 7% of the total solutes in the plasma. The high-molecular-weight proteins—albumins, globulins, and fibrinogen—are essential to plasma function. Albumins, making up about 60% of the plasma proteins, maintain the osmotic balance within blood vessels by preventing excessive water leakage. Additionally, albumins serve as carrier proteins, binding to...

Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Lab

Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Lab

AES is a powerful analytical technique, especially effective when used with plasma sources, producing abundant spectra in characteristic emission lines. The Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP), in particular, yields superior quantitative analytical data due to its high stability, low noise, low background, and minimal interferences under optimal experimental conditions. However, newer air-operated microwave sources are emerging as promising alternatives that could be more cost-effective than...

Protein Buffers in Blood Plasma and Cells

Protein Buffers in Blood Plasma and Cells

The human body utilizes protein buffer systems to maintain a stable pH. These systems capitalize on the dual role of amino acids, which can act as acids or bases by accepting or releasing hydrogen ions in response to pH changes. Protein buffer systems are particularly significant in the extracellular fluid (ECF) and intracellular fluid (ICF) of active cells, where structural and functional proteins provide substantial buffering capacity.
Certain amino acids can exist in a zwitterion state at a...

Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Principle

Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Principle

Inductively coupled plasma (ICP) is the most widely used plasma source in atomic emission spectroscopy (AES), also known as Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-OES). The ICP source, or torch, consists of three concentric quartz tubes with argon gas flowing through them. A spark from a Tesla coil initiates the ionization of argon, generating a high-temperature plasma.
The ions and electrons produced interact with the fluctuating magnetic field created by a water-cooled...

Flame Photometry: Overview

Flame Photometry: Overview

Flame photometry, also known as flame emission spectrometry, is a technique used for the qualitative and quantitative analysis of elements present in a sample using a flame as the source of excitation energy. The concept of flame photometry was realized in the early 1860s by Kirchhoff and Bunsen, who discovered that specific elements emit characteristic radiation when excited in flames. The first instrument developed for this purpose was used to measure sodium (Na) in plant ash using a Bunsen...

Other Nuclides: 31P, 19F, 15N NMR

Other Nuclides: ³¹P, ¹⁹F, ¹⁵N NMR

Many organic, inorganic, and biological molecules contain spin-half nuclei such as nitrogen-15, fluorine-19, and phosphorus-31. As a result, NMR studies of these nuclei have found extensive applications in chemical and biological research.
While fluorine-19 and phosphorous-31 have high natural abundances (100%) and positive gyromagnetic ratios, nitrogen-15 has a low natural abundance and a negative gyromagnetic ratio. However, nitrogen-15 is still preferred over nitrogen-14 (which has a high...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Pharmacokinetics of paroxetine, a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor, in Grey parrots (Psittacus erithacus erithacus): influence of pharmaceutical formulation and length of dosing.

Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics·2012

Same author

Diagnosis and management of small bowel diarrhea.

The veterinary quarterly·2011

Same author

[Complementary working?].

Tijdschrift voor diergeneeskunde·2011

Same author

Ethanol poisoning as a differential diagnosis in a hunter's dog with tetraplegia.

Tijdschrift voor diergeneeskunde·2010

Same author

[Large grazers 'revisited'].

Tijdschrift voor diergeneeskunde·2009

Same author

[Numbers of dogs, cats, birds, and exotic animals in veterinary practices in the Netherlands 1994-2005 and possible consequences for the veterinary curriculum].

Tijdschrift voor diergeneeskunde·2008

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 3, 2026

Using a Thermal Camera to Measure Heat Loss Through Bird Feather Coats

Using a Thermal Camera to Measure Heat Loss Through Bird Feather Coats

Published on: June 17, 2020

Plasma chemistry references values in psittaciformes.

J T Lumeij¹, L M Overduin

¹Division of Avian and Exotic Animal Medicine, Department of Companion Animal Clinical Sciences, Utrecht University, The Netherlands.

Avian Pathology : Journal of the W.V.P.A

|April 1, 1990

Summary

This study establishes reference plasma chemical values for African greys, Amazons, cockatoos, and macaws, aiding avian clinical practice. These values provide essential diagnostic benchmarks for common pet bird species.

More Related Videos

Basic Research in Plasma Medicine - A Throughput Approach from Liquids to Cells

Basic Research in Plasma Medicine - A Throughput Approach from Liquids to Cells

Published on: November 17, 2017

Healthy Brain-pituitary Slices for Electrophysiological Investigations of Pituitary Cells in Teleost Fish

Healthy Brain-pituitary Slices for Electrophysiological Investigations of Pituitary Cells in Teleost Fish

Published on: August 16, 2018

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 3, 2026

Using a Thermal Camera to Measure Heat Loss Through Bird Feather Coats

Using a Thermal Camera to Measure Heat Loss Through Bird Feather Coats

Published on: June 17, 2020

Basic Research in Plasma Medicine - A Throughput Approach from Liquids to Cells

Basic Research in Plasma Medicine - A Throughput Approach from Liquids to Cells

Published on: November 17, 2017

Healthy Brain-pituitary Slices for Electrophysiological Investigations of Pituitary Cells in Teleost Fish

Healthy Brain-pituitary Slices for Electrophysiological Investigations of Pituitary Cells in Teleost Fish

Published on: August 16, 2018

Area of Science:

Avian Medicine
Clinical Pathology
Veterinary Biochemistry

Background:

Establishing reliable reference ranges is crucial for accurate diagnosis in avian species.
Previous reference values for many plasma chemical variables in psittacine birds are limited or inconsistent.
Avian clinical practice requires species-specific biochemical data for effective patient management.

Purpose of the Study:

To determine reference values for 17 plasma chemical variables in African greys, Amazons, cockatoos, and macaws.
To provide 90% confidence intervals (P2.5 and P97.5 percentiles) for these biochemical parameters.
To facilitate improved diagnostic capabilities in avian veterinary medicine.

Main Methods:

Blood samples were collected from healthy adult African greys, Amazons, cockatoos, and macaws.
Seventeen plasma chemical variables were analyzed, including electrolytes, enzymes, and metabolites.
Statistical analysis was performed to establish reference ranges using percentile calculations.

Main Results:

Reference values and 90% confidence intervals were established for urea, creatinine, uric acid, osmolality, sodium, potassium, calcium, glucose, AST, ALT, GGT, LDH, CK, bile acids, total protein, and albumin/globulin ratio.
The study provides specific percentile ranges (P2.5-P97.5) for each variable.
Variations in results compared to previous studies and potential reasons are discussed.

Conclusions:

The established reference values provide a vital diagnostic tool for avian practitioners treating psittacine birds.
Accurate biochemical profiling aids in the early detection and management of diseases in these species.
Further research may be warranted to explore inter-species variations and the impact of different analytical methods.