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Related Concept Videos

Replication in Eukaryotes01:29

Replication in Eukaryotes

In eukaryotic cells, DNA replication is highly conserved and tightly regulated. Multiple linear chromosomes must be duplicated with high fidelity before cell division, so there are many proteins that fulfill specialized roles in the replication process. Replication occurs in three phases: initiation, elongation, and termination, and ends with two complete sets of chromosomes in the nucleus.
Many Proteins Orchestrate Replication at the Origin
Eukaryotic replication follows many of the same...
Replication in Eukaryotes02:31

Replication in Eukaryotes

Overview
Replication in Eukaryotes02:31

Replication in Eukaryotes

Overview
Replication in Eukaryotes01:29

Replication in Eukaryotes

In eukaryotic cells, DNA replication is highly conserved and tightly regulated. Multiple linear chromosomes must be duplicated with high fidelity before cell division, so there are many proteins that fulfill specialized roles in the replication process. Replication occurs in three phases: initiation, elongation, and termination, and ends with two complete sets of chromosomes in the nucleus.
Many Proteins Orchestrate Replication at the Origin
Eukaryotic replication follows many of the same...
The Replisome03:01

The Replisome

DNA replication is carried out by a large complex of proteins that act in a coordinated matter to achieve high-fidelity DNA replication. Together this complex is known as the DNA replication machinery or the replisome.
The synthesis of the leading and lagging strands is a highly coordinated process. To explain this, the “Trombone model” was proposed by Bruce Alberts in 1980. The DNA loop formation starts when a primer is synthesized on the parent lagging strand. The loop grows with the...
The Replisome03:01

The Replisome

DNA replication is carried out by a large complex of proteins that act in a coordinated matter to achieve high-fidelity DNA replication. Together this complex is known as the DNA replication machinery or the replisome.
The synthesis of the leading and lagging strands is a highly coordinated process. To explain this, the “Trombone model” was proposed by Bruce Alberts in 1980. The DNA loop formation starts when a primer is synthesized on the parent lagging strand. The loop grows with the...

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Promiscuous initiation on mammalian chromosomal DNA templates and its possible suppression by transcription.

Experimental cell research·2005
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The matrix attachment region in the Chinese hamster dihydrofolate reductase origin of replication may be required for local chromatid separation.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2003
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The dihydrofolate reductase origin of replication does not contain any nonredundant genetic elements required for origin activity.

Molecular and cellular biology·2003
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Amplification of the human dihydrofolate reductase gene via double minutes is initiated by chromosome breaks.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2000
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Phosphoaminoglycosides inhibit SWI2/SNF2 family DNA-dependent molecular motor domains.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 3, 2026

Imaging Replicative Domains in Ultrastructurally Preserved Chromatin by Electron Tomography
14:56

Imaging Replicative Domains in Ultrastructurally Preserved Chromatin by Electron Tomography

Published on: May 20, 2022

A revisionist replicon model for higher eukaryotic genomes.

J L Hamlin1, L D Mesner, O Lar

  • 1Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908-0733, USA. jlh2d@virginia.edu

Journal of Cellular Biochemistry
|August 6, 2008
PubMed
Summary

The bacterial replicon model guided eukaryotic origin of replication research. Eukaryotic replication is more complex, influenced by epigenetic state and chromatin architecture, not just classic replicators.

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics
  • Epigenetics

Background:

  • The bacterial replicon model has historically guided the study of DNA replication origins in eukaryotes.
  • In yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae), this model successfully identified replicators and initiator proteins.
  • Replication control in higher eukaryotes is more complex than initially proposed by the bacterial model.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the complexities of replication control in eukaryotic genomes beyond simple replicator models.
  • To investigate the role of epigenetic factors and chromatin architecture in determining replication initiation sites.
  • To summarize advancements in identifying and mapping replication origins in higher eukaryotes.

Main Methods:

  • Development of novel replicon mapping techniques over three decades.
  • Examination of chromatin architecture associated with replication initiation sites.
  • Recent methods for mass isolation and high-throughput sequencing of active replication origins.

Main Results:

  • Eukaryotic replication origins are often zones of inefficient start sites, not just classic replicators.
  • The epigenetic state of DNA sequences significantly influences their use as replication initiation sites.
  • High-throughput sequencing enables comprehensive mapping of replication origins across sequenced genomes.

Conclusions:

  • Eukaryotic DNA replication control is a fluid process influenced by genetic and epigenetic factors.
  • Understanding replication origin activity requires integrating genetic mapping with epigenetic and chromatin analyses.
  • Current genomic technologies position the field to define the comprehensive rules governing eukaryotic replication initiation.