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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 3, 2026

Removal of Exogenous Materials from the Outer Portion of Frozen Cores to Investigate the Ancient Biological Communities Harbored Inside
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Challenges for coring deep permafrost on Earth and Mars.

S M Pfiffner1, T C Onstott, T Ruskeeniemi

  • 1Center for Environmental Biotechnology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37932, USA. pfiffner@utk.edu

Astrobiology
|August 6, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Scientific drilling in Nunavut collected Archean rock cores from permafrost, revealing viable anaerobic microbes. Borehole closure due to ice formation highlights challenges for future Mars missions seeking subpermafrost brine.

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Area of Science:

  • Geosciences
  • Microbiology
  • Astrobiology

Background:

  • Permafrost environments in the Canadian Arctic harbor unique geological and microbial characteristics.
  • Accessing subpermafrost brine is crucial for understanding ancient life and planetary habitability.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To collect geological and water samples from a permafrost zone and underlying brine.
  • To assess microbial life within Archean rock cores.
  • To evaluate challenges for future subsurface exploration missions, including those to Mars.

Main Methods:

  • Scientific drilling using a triple-barrel wireline tool.
  • Collection of 200 m of Archean mafic volcanic rock cores.
  • Utilized hot water for drilling and stringent quality assurance/quality control (QA/QC) protocols.

Main Results:

  • Recovered frozen Archean mafic volcanic rock cores from the permafrost-subpermafrost boundary.
  • Detected viable anaerobic microorganisms within the cores, distinct from drilling contaminants.
  • Observed borehole closure at 125 m depth due to ice formation from water vapor condensation.

Conclusions:

  • The recovered cores contain indigenous anaerobic microorganisms.
  • Borehole icing presents a significant challenge for accessing subpermafrost brine.
  • Future Mars missions require borehole stability and heating mechanisms to prevent closure.