PROC, PROCR and PROS1 polymorphisms, plasma anticoagulant phenotypes, and risk of cardiovascular disease and

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 3, 2026

Comprehensive Analysis of Procoagulant Platelets Exhibiting Features of Necrosis, Apoptosis and Platelet Activation
04:37

Comprehensive Analysis of Procoagulant Platelets Exhibiting Features of Necrosis, Apoptosis and Platelet Activation

Published on: May 23, 2025

A P Reiner1, C L Carty, N S Jenny

  • 1Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA. apreiner@u.washington.edu

Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis : JTH
|August 6, 2008
PubMed

Insights

A common PROCR gene variant is linked to reduced healthy survival in older adults, but not directly to heart disease or stroke risk. Further research is needed to understand its role in aging and vascular disorders.

Area of Science:

  • Genetics and Molecular Biology
  • Cardiovascular Disease Research
  • Aging Research

Background:

  • Genes regulating protein C anticoagulant pathways are implicated in aging-related disorders and atherothrombosis.
  • Understanding genetic contributions to these pathways is crucial for disease prevention and treatment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between common polymorphisms in PROC, PROS1, and PROCR genes and protein C, protein S, and soluble EPCR levels.
  • To examine the relationship between these genetic variants and the risk of incident coronary heart disease, stroke, and mortality.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a tagSNP approach with data from the Cardiovascular Health Study (CHS).
  • Assessed associations between polymorphisms and plasma levels of protein C, protein S, and soluble EPCR in 336 participants.
  • Evaluated associations with incident clinical outcomes (CHD, stroke, mortality) in 4547 participants.

Main Results:

  • The PROCR Ser219Gly polymorphism (rs867186) strongly correlated with higher soluble EPCR and protein C antigen levels.
  • An IL10 polymorphism was linked to increased free protein S levels.
  • A different PROCR tagSNP (rs2069948) was associated with increased stroke risk, mortality, and decreased healthy survival.

Conclusions:

  • A common PROCR variant may be associated with reduced healthy survival in older adults.
  • The PROCR Ser219Gly variant did not show an association with CHD, stroke, or mortality risk.
  • Further investigation into PROCR variants is warranted for their role in ischemic and aging-related disorders.
Abstract

Related Concept Videos

Pharmacogenetic Phenotypes: Alterations in Pharmacokinetics, Drug Targets and Biologic Milieu01:29

Pharmacogenetic Phenotypes: Alterations in Pharmacokinetics, Drug Targets and Biologic Milieu

Genetic variations significantly influence drug response through pharmacokinetics, receptor interactions, and biologic milieu modifications. Pharmacokinetic alterations impact drug metabolism and clearance, affecting efficacy and toxicity. Variants in drug-metabolizing enzymes, such as CYP2C9 and CYP2C19, alter drug activation and elimination. For example, CYP2C9 loss-of-function variants require lower warfarin doses to prevent excessive bleeding, while CYP2C19 variants reduce clopidogrel...
Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System II: CRP, Hcy, and Cardiac Natriuretic Peptide Markers01:19

Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System II: CRP, Hcy, and Cardiac Natriuretic Peptide Markers

Cardiac biomarkers are critical in diagnosing, prognosing, and managing cardiovascular diseases. Routine measurement of specific biomarkers such as B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP), C-reactive protein (CRP), and homocysteine (Hcy) is common practice in clinical settings to evaluate heart function and predict cardiovascular events.
These markers indicate stress or strain on the heart muscle:
Natriuretic Peptides (BNP)
Cardiac myocytes produce these hormones in response to ventricular stretching...
Anticoagulant Drugs: Low-Molecular-Weight Heparins01:30

Anticoagulant Drugs: Low-Molecular-Weight Heparins

Hemostasis is a crucial process that prevents excessive blood loss from damaged blood vessels. It involves various mechanisms such as vasoconstriction, platelet adhesion and activation, and fibrin formation. The importance of each mechanism depends on the type of vessel injury. In contrast, thrombosis is the abnormal formation of a blood clot within the blood vessels, leading to potential complications if the clot obstructs blood flow. Thrombosis can be caused by increased coagulability of the...
Pharmacodynamics in Geriatric Patients: Effects of Age01:27

Pharmacodynamics in Geriatric Patients: Effects of Age

Age-related pharmacokinetic changes are extensively documented, but understanding age-related pharmacodynamic alterations is relatively limited. This knowledge gap can be partly attributed to the complexity of developing appropriate measures of drug responses compared to bioanalytical methods for determining drug concentrations.Most information regarding age-related differences in human pharmacodynamics originates from cross-sectional studies. However, these studies assume that observed mean...
Pharmacogenomics: Identification of New Drug Targets01:29

Pharmacogenomics: Identification of New Drug Targets

Advances in genomics have profoundly influenced drug discovery by increasing both the speed and accuracy of pharmaceutical development. Pharmacogenomics, which examines how genetic variation influences drug response, facilitates the identification of novel therapeutic targets and enables patient stratification for personalized treatment. These strategies contribute to improved drug efficacy, minimized adverse effects, and more efficient clinical trial design.Mapping genetic differences...
Principles of Pharmacogenetics: Types of Genetic Variants01:27

Principles of Pharmacogenetics: Types of Genetic Variants

The human genome is over 99.9% identical between individuals, yet genetic differences exist at millions of bases. The human genome contains approximately 3 million variant positions per individual, many of which are heterozygous, contributing to genetic diversity and individual traits. Genetic variations include single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), insertions, deletions, and copy number variations (CNVs).SNPs, the most common variation, involve single-base changes in DNA. These can be...