Removal of PAHs from laboratory columns simulating the humus upper layer of vertical flow constructed wetlands

Removal of three polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons or PAHs (fluoranthene, pyrene and benzo(k)fluoranthene) from two types of PAH-contaminated effluents was investigated using four laboratory columns filled with two different organic media: a green compost and a layer coming from the first stage of vertical flow constructed wetlands. Synthetic runoff polluted by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons were fed through the columns during a period of two months. After a period of hydrodynamic stabilisation, the results showed a great adsorption of PAHs (>95%) on the solid media due to their large adsorption capacities. Leaching of these compounds by water was monitored. The concentrations of PAHs in leaching samples indicated that PAHs were strongly adsorbed on organic substrates and that lixiviation was limited. Fluoranthene metabolites were also investigated. Accumulation of metabolites was transitory and located in the first few cm of the media, as was observed for PAH concentrations. A toxicity test of leachates based on the inhibition of the bioluminescence of luminescent bacteria Vibrio fischeri indicated a low inhibition which can be enhanced by metal traces.