Historical note on cumulative recorders manufactured in Japan

The history of cumulative recorders manufactured in Japan between the early 1970s and the present is described. The first such instrument was the Tosoku-Kogyo Company's Model T-45A, followed thereafter by its Model T-45B, built on the same chassis as the T-45A, but with different electrical and mechanical components. When Tosoku-Kogyo closed its recorder operations, the recorder continued to be manufactured and sold by Okubo-Sokkouki as its Model OS 180. The appearance of such commercially manufactured cumulative recorders in countries other than the United States further attests to the internationalization of behavior analysis during the mid- to late-20th century.