Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Changes in the Appendicular Skeleton with Age01:09

Changes in the Appendicular Skeleton with Age

The upper and lower limb initially develops as a small bulge called a limb bud, which appears on the lateral side of the early embryo. The upper limb bud appears near the end of the fourth week of development, with the lower limb bud appearing shortly after.
Initially, the limb buds consist of a core of mesenchyme covered by a layer of ectoderm. The ectoderm at the end of the limb bud thickens to form a narrow crest called the apical ectodermal ridge. This ridge stimulates the underlying...
Bone Disorders01:29

Bone Disorders

Aging and its effect on bone remodeling is the most common cause of bone disorders. In young and healthy people, bone deposition and resorption happen at an equal rate to maintain optimal bone health.
Bone deposition is also affected by the levels of sex hormones like estrogen and testosterone that promote osteoblast activity and bone matrix synthesis. When the level of these hormones decreases due to aging, it causes a reduction in bone deposition. As a result, bone resorption by osteoclasts...
Bone Structure01:55

Bone Structure

Within the skeletal system, the structure of a bone, or osseous tissue, can be exemplified in a long bone, like the femur, where there are two types of osseous tissue: cortical and cancellous.
Introduction to the Skeletal System01:20

Introduction to the Skeletal System

The skeletal system is the central framework of the body, consisting of different connective tissues: bones, cartilage, tendons, and ligaments.
Components of the Skeletal System
Bone, or osseous tissue, is a hard connective tissue that forms an internal support structure for the human body. Bones shield vulnerable organs and soft tissue from external forces. For example, the vertebral bones protect and support the spinal cord.
Cartilage, a semi-rigid connective tissue found in regions such as...
Growth of Cartilage and Bone Tissue01:27

Growth of Cartilage and Bone Tissue

Chondrocytes form a temporary cartilaginous model by dividing and secreting a thick gel-like extracellular matrix. Once the chondrocytes undergo programmed cell death, osteoblasts enter the site of the cartilaginous model. The process of replacing the temporary cartilaginous model with bone in an ordered manner is called endochondral ossification. In endochondral ossification, not all of the cartilage is replaced by bone tissue. Some cartilage that performs a protective and supportive function...
Gross Anatomy of Bone01:17

Gross Anatomy of Bone

The two main features of a long bone are the diaphysis and the epiphysis.
The diaphysis is the tubular shaft that runs between the proximal and distal ends of the bone. The walls of the diaphysis are composed of dense and hard compact bone made of numerous osteons — the functional unit of the compact bone. The hollow region in the diaphysis is called the medullary cavity, which harbors the bone marrow. In infants and children, this marrow cavity is filled with red marrow, whereas in adults, it...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Genetic risk scores are related to bone microarchitecture in US Army basic training.

Journal of applied physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985)·2026
Same author

Machine learning classifiers for automatic classification of foot strike patterns from 2D video.

Sports biomechanics·2026
Same author

Sex- and site-specific associations between hemoglobin levels and cortical bone structure and microarchitecture in older adults.

Bone·2026
Same author

HR-pQCT skeletal phenotype clustering associated with muscle function in older men and women: The Study of Muscle, Mobility and Aging (SOMMA).

Journal of bone and mineral research : the official journal of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research·2026
Same author

Inflammation and alterations in redox homeostasis precede and persist following musculoskeletal injury in US army trainees.

British journal of sports medicine·2026
Same author

Sex-Specific Associations of Radiographic Knee Osteoarthritis and Pain with Distal Tibia Bone Microarchitecture: the Study of Muscle, Mobility and Aging (SOMMA).

Calcified tissue international·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 3, 2026

Scanning Skeletal Remains for Bone Mineral Density in Forensic Contexts
07:56

Scanning Skeletal Remains for Bone Mineral Density in Forensic Contexts

Published on: January 29, 2018

Bone structure and volumetric BMD in overweight children: a longitudinal study.

Rachel J Wetzsteon1, Moira A Petit, Heather M Macdonald

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, Division of Nephrology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.

Journal of Bone and Mineral Research : the Official Journal of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research
|August 8, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Overweight children have greater bone strength, but it doesn't adapt to excess body fat. Bone strength in overweight children is linked to larger muscle area, not fat mass.

More Related Videos

Assessment of Child Anthropometry in a Large Epidemiologic Study
09:36

Assessment of Child Anthropometry in a Large Epidemiologic Study

Published on: February 2, 2017

Clinical Anthropometrics and Body Composition from 3-Dimensional Optical Imaging
06:48

Clinical Anthropometrics and Body Composition from 3-Dimensional Optical Imaging

Published on: June 7, 2024

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 3, 2026

Scanning Skeletal Remains for Bone Mineral Density in Forensic Contexts
07:56

Scanning Skeletal Remains for Bone Mineral Density in Forensic Contexts

Published on: January 29, 2018

Assessment of Child Anthropometry in a Large Epidemiologic Study
09:36

Assessment of Child Anthropometry in a Large Epidemiologic Study

Published on: February 2, 2017

Clinical Anthropometrics and Body Composition from 3-Dimensional Optical Imaging
06:48

Clinical Anthropometrics and Body Composition from 3-Dimensional Optical Imaging

Published on: June 7, 2024

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Endocrinology
  • Bone Biology
  • Body Composition

Background:

  • The impact of excess body fat on bone strength development in children is not fully understood.
  • Bone accrual is critical during childhood for lifelong skeletal health.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare bone measures and strength indices in healthy weight (HW) versus overweight (OW) children.
  • To investigate how bone strength adapts to excess body fat and muscle mass in children over time.

Main Methods:

  • Assessed bone mineral density (BMD), bone area, bone strength indices (BSI, SSIp), and muscle cross-sectional area (CSA) in 9-11 year old children using peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT).
  • Compared outcomes at baseline and over 16 months between HW (n=302) and OW (n=143) groups.
  • Utilized analysis of covariance to adjust for confounding factors.

Main Results:

  • Overweight children exhibited significantly greater absolute bone measures and bone area at baseline compared to healthy weight children.
  • Bone strength indices (SSIp) in OW children were lower when adjusted for body fat, but similar when adjusted for muscle CSA.
  • Increases in bone strength over 16 months were associated with lean mass changes, not fat mass, and were driven by greater bone area expansion in OW children.

Conclusions:

  • While overweight children possess greater absolute bone strength, their bone strength does not adapt proportionally to their excess body fat.
  • Bone strength accrual in overweight children appears to be primarily driven by increased muscle mass and bone area, rather than fat mass.
  • These findings suggest that interventions focusing on muscle development may be more beneficial for optimizing bone strength in overweight children.