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Related Concept Videos

Antigens Involved in Adaptive Immunity01:26

Antigens Involved in Adaptive Immunity

An antigen is any substance the immune system identifies as foreign and potentially harmful to the body, prompting an immune response. Antigens have two functional properties: immunogenicity and reactivity. Immunogenicity is the ability of an antigen to stimulate a specific immune response. At the same time, reactivity describes the antigen's ability to react with the cells and antibodies produced in response to it.
Complete Antigens
Complete antigens possess both immunogenicity and reactivity.
Tissue Transplantation01:24

Tissue Transplantation

Tissue transplantation is a significant medical procedure involving the transfer of cells, tissues, or organs from a donor to a recipient, with the primary aim of restoring lost functions. This procedure is crucial in treating a broad spectrum of diseases, including kidney diseases, liver failure, heart disease, and certain types of cancers.
The Biology of Tissue Transplantation
The biology of tissue transplantation hinges on the Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) molecules. These molecules...
Blood Transfusion and Agglutination02:45

Blood Transfusion and Agglutination

Blood transfusion is a therapeutic measure to restore the blood volume after extensive blood loss due to an accident or a medical procedure. Blood transfusion involves drawing a certain amount of blood from a suitable donor and infusing it into the recipient.
History
The history of blood transfusion dates back to the 17th century, when early attempts were made in animals. In 1818 James Blundell, a British doctor, performed the first successful human blood transfusion. Later in 1900, Karl...
Rh Blood Group01:19

Rh Blood Group

The Rhesus (Rh) antigen is crucial in determining blood groups and ensuring compatibility during blood transfusions.
Cell-mediated Immune Responses01:40

Cell-mediated Immune Responses

Overview
Special Features of Adaptive Immunity01:20

Special Features of Adaptive Immunity

The adaptive immune system, a crucial component of the overall immune response, offers a highly specialized defense against pathogens. It involves specific cell types and features, enabling it to combat infections effectively and efficiently.
The primary cell types involved in adaptive immunity are T cells and B cells. Each type has a unique role in defending the body against pathogens. T cells are responsible for cell-mediated immunity. They identify and eliminate infected cells directly,...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 3, 2026

Personalized Peptide Arrays for Detection of HLA Alloantibodies in Organ Transplantation
08:07

Personalized Peptide Arrays for Detection of HLA Alloantibodies in Organ Transplantation

Published on: September 6, 2017

Defining unacceptable HLA antigens.

Andrea A Zachary1, Robert A Montgomery, Mary S Leffell

  • 1Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.

Current Opinion in Organ Transplantation
|August 8, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Accurate identification of unacceptable antigens enables virtual crossmatching, preventing organ waste and improving transplant access for sensitized patients. New assays and biomarkers enhance compatibility assessments for better outcomes.

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Transplantation Science
  • Medical Diagnostics

Background:

  • The concept of unacceptable antigens in transplantation is established, but precise identification has evolved.
  • Accurate identification of unacceptable antigens is crucial for optimizing organ allocation and patient access.
  • Sensitized patients face significant immunological barriers to successful transplantation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the advancements in identifying unacceptable antigens for improved transplantation outcomes.
  • To highlight the role of accurate antigen identification in virtual crossmatching.
  • To discuss strategies for overcoming immunological barriers in transplantation.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing increasingly sensitive and specific assays for Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) antigen and antibody identification.
  • Employing desensitization protocols and cell-depleting agents to manage immunological barriers.
  • Investigating various biomarkers for characterizing patient immune response types.

Main Results:

  • Accurate identification of unacceptable antigens facilitates virtual crossmatching, preventing unnecessary organ shipments.
  • Desensitization protocols and targeted therapies reduce graft rejection risk.
  • Advanced assays provide more precise definition of donor-recipient incompatibilities.
  • Biomarker tests offer potential for classifying immune responder types.

Conclusions:

  • Defining unacceptable antigens requires integrating clinical protocols with recipient and donor immunological profiles.
  • Optimizing transplantation opportunities necessitates a comprehensive approach to compatibility assessment.
  • Developing new tests to evaluate a patient's immune response capacity will refine the identification of incompatible donor-recipient pairs.