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Related Experiment Videos

A probable role for vaccines containing thimerosal in thimerosal hypersensitivity.

J Osawa1, K Kitamura, Z Ikezawa

  • 1Department of Dermatology, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan.

Contact Dermatitis
|March 1, 1991
PubMed
Summary

Thimerosal in vaccines may sensitize children, leading to allergic reactions. Hypersensitivity is linked to the thiosalicylic molecule and photosensitivity to piroxicam.

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Area of Science:

  • Allergy and Immunology
  • Dermatology
  • Vaccinology

Background:

  • Thimerosal, a mercury-containing preservative, is used in vaccines.
  • Concerns exist regarding potential allergic reactions to vaccine components.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the frequency of allergic reactions to thimerosal and mercuric chloride in patients.
  • To determine if thimerosal in vaccines can induce hypersensitivity in animal models.
  • To explore the relationship between thimerosal hypersensitivity and photosensitivity.

Main Methods:

  • Patch testing of 141 patients with thimerosal and 222 with mercuric chloride.
  • Sensitization of guinea pigs with diphtheria-pertussis-tetanus (DPT) vaccine containing thimerosal.
  • Analysis of age-related reactions and correlation with photosensitivity.

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Main Results:

  • 16.3% of patients showed positive patch test reactions to thimerosal, predominantly in younger age groups post-vaccination.
  • No infants aged 3-48 months reacted to thimerosal.
  • 10.4% of patients had positive reactions to mercuric chloride.
  • Guinea pig sensitization induced hypersensitivity to thimerosal.

Conclusions:

  • 0.01% thimerosal in vaccines may sensitize children, potentially causing allergic reactions.
  • Thimerosal hypersensitivity appears linked to the thiosalicylic moiety.
  • A correlation between thimerosal hypersensitivity and piroxicam photosensitivity is suggested.