The clinical consequences of obstructive sleep apnea and associated excessive sleepiness

Several conditions commonly seen in the primary care setting are known to be associated with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), including hypertension, obesity, coronary artery disease, and type 2 diabetes, and should alert the physician to the possibility of this sleep disorder. The pathophysiology of OSA increases the risk of ischemic heart disease, decreases cardiac function, and elevates the risk of stroke. Treatment of OSA along with appropriate therapy for associated comorbidities presents an opportunity to simultaneously improve both conditions. Up to 56% of patients with OSA have hypertension. Addressing OSA can help improve this condition. More than 50% of patients with OSA experience depression. Treatment of OSA can lessen depressive symptoms associated with this sleeping disorder.