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Amorphous calcium phosphate composites with improved mechanical properties.

J N R O'Donnell¹, J M Antonucci, D Skrtic

¹Paffenbarger Research Center, American Dental Association Foundation, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA.

Journal of Bioactive and Compatible Polymers

|August 9, 2008

Summary

Reducing amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP) particle size through mechanical milling significantly enhances the mechanical properties of zirconium-filled methacrylate composites. This improvement in mechanical stability may extend their dental applications.

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Area of Science:

Biomaterials Science
Dental Materials Science
Composite Materials

Background:

Amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP)-filled methacrylate composites release calcium and phosphate, aiding in anti-demineralization and remineralization for dental applications.
Current ACP composites have limitations in mechanical properties for broader dental use.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the impact of amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP) filler particle size on the mechanical properties of zirconium-filled methacrylate composites.
To determine if mechanical milling of ACP can improve composite performance.

Main Methods:

Photo-curable resins were formulated with various methacrylate monomers and a photoinitiator system.
Amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP) filler underwent mechanical milling to reduce particle size.

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Mechanical properties (Young's Modulus, water sorption, biaxial tensile, flexural strength) of composites with milled and unmilled ACP were evaluated.

Main Results:

Mechanical milling significantly reduced ACP particle size (up to 64% for wet ACP).
Milled ACP resulted in more homogeneous composite distribution and fewer voids.
Milled Zr-ACP composites exhibited improved biaxial flexure strength and moderate flexural strength improvements.
Reduced water diffusion was observed in milled composites.

Conclusions:

Mechanical milling of zirconium-amorphous calcium phosphate (Zr-ACP) filler enhances the mechanical stability of methacrylate composites.
Improved mechanical properties and reduced water sorption suggest potential for expanded dental applications of these modified composites.