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Related Concept Videos

Bacterial Gastroenteritis01:18

Bacterial Gastroenteritis

Bacterial gastroenteritis, characterized by diarrhea, abdominal cramps, and vomiting, is often caused by ingestion of contaminated food or water and is frequently associated with pathogenic Escherichia coli strains. These microbes exploit two principal mechanisms to inflict disease.Shiga toxin–producing E. coli, also referred to as STEC—notably O157:H7—release Shiga toxins that target ribosomes, blocking protein synthesis. The B subunit of the toxin binds the host glycolipid receptor...
Biological Effects of Radiation02:59

Biological Effects of Radiation

All radioactive nuclides emit high-energy particles or electromagnetic waves. When this radiation encounters living cells, it can cause heating, break chemical bonds, or ionize molecules. The most serious biological damage results when these radioactive emissions fragment or ionize molecules. For example, α and β particles emitted from nuclear decay reactions possess much higher energies than ordinary chemical bond energies. When these particles strike and penetrate matter, they produce ions...
Radiation: Applications01:17

Radiation: Applications

The average temperature of Earth is the subject of much current discussion. Earth is in radiative contact with both the Sun and dark space; it receives almost all its energy from the radiation of the Sun and reflects some of it into outer space. Dark space is very cold, about 3 K, so Earth radiates energy into it. For instance, heat transfer occurs from soil and grasses, the rate of which can be so rapid that frost can occur on clear summer evenings, even in warm latitudes.
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Absorption of Radiation01:05

Absorption of Radiation

The rate of heat transfer by emitted radiation is described by the Stefan-Boltzmann law of radiation:
Inflammatory Bowel Disease III: Crohn's Disease01:25

Inflammatory Bowel Disease III: Crohn's Disease

Crohn’s disease is a chronic, relapsing form of inflammatory bowel disease characterized by segmental, transmural inflammation that can affect any part of the gastrointestinal tract. Its pathogenesis arises from a combination of genetic susceptibility, environmental exposures, epithelial barrier dysfunction, and immune dysregulation. Together, these factors lead to an exaggerated immune response against components of the gut microbiome.Genetic and Environmental InfluencesMultiple genetic...
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Intestinal Obstruction II: Pathophysiology

Intestinal obstruction triggers a series of physiological responses, starting with gas and fluid accumulation in the bowel segment proximal to the obstruction, leading to distension. This distended intestine compresses the diaphragm, hindering lung expansion and potentially leading to reduced respiratory effort, atelectasis, and pneumonia.To overcome the blockage, the gut intensifies contractions, causing colicky abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting, which reduces fluid and food intake and...

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Updated: Jul 3, 2026

Intestinal Epithelial Regeneration in Response to Ionizing Irradiation
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Intestinal Epithelial Regeneration in Response to Ionizing Irradiation

Published on: July 27, 2022

[Radiation-induced enteropathy].

Lucine Vuitton1, Mathieu Bosset, Lysiane Marthey

  • 1Service de gastroentérologie, CHU Jean-Minjoz, 25030 Besancon, France.

La Revue Du Praticien
|August 12, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Abdominopelvic radiotherapy can cause bowel toxicity, often underestimated. Advanced planning and delivery technologies aim to reduce radiation enteropathy severity and frequency.

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A Co-culture Method to Investigate the Crosstalk Between X-ray Irradiated Caco-2 Cells and PBMC
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Published on: January 30, 2018

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Last Updated: Jul 3, 2026

Intestinal Epithelial Regeneration in Response to Ionizing Irradiation
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A Co-culture Method to Investigate the Crosstalk Between X-ray Irradiated Caco-2 Cells and PBMC
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Published on: January 30, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Radiation Oncology
  • Gastroenterology

Context:

  • Small and large bowels are critical dose-limiting organs in abdominopelvic radiotherapy.
  • Acute and late toxicities, including radiation enteropathy, pose significant challenges.
  • Minor and moderate toxicities are frequently underestimated, while major toxicities can manifest years post-treatment.

Purpose:

  • To highlight the underestimation of minor/moderate radiation-induced bowel toxicities.
  • To emphasize the potential for major toxicities years after treatment.
  • To discuss the role of radiotherapy planning and delivery technologies in mitigating radiation enteropathy.

Summary:

  • Bowel toxicity is a primary concern in abdominopelvic radiotherapy, affecting both acute and late outcomes.
  • Current radiotherapy planning allows precise prediction of toxicities.
  • Emerging treatment delivery technologies offer promise in preventing or reducing radiation enteropathy.

Impact:

  • Improved understanding of radiation enteropathy risks.
  • Potential for enhanced patient outcomes through optimized radiotherapy.
  • Foundation for developing novel strategies to minimize gastrointestinal toxicity in cancer patients.